Genetics

Question 1

Codominance

Answer 1

When more than one dominant allele exists for a given gene

Question 2

Incomplete dominance

Answer 2

Heterozygote expresses phenotype intermediate to between two homozygous genotypes

Question 3

Penetrance

Answer 3

Proportion of individuals in the population carrying the allele who actually express the phenotype (population level)

Question 4

Expressivity

Answer 4

Varying phenotypes despite identical genotypes

Constant or variable (individual level)

Question 5

Law of segregation

Answer 5

2 alleles that segregate during meiosis resulting in gametes that carry only one allele for any inherited trait
If different, only one will be expressed

Question 6

Law of independent assortment

Answer 6

Inheritance of one gene doesn’t affect the inheritance of another gene
Recombination
(except linked genes

Question 7

MIssense mutation

Answer 7

Causes change in a different amino acid

Question 8

Nonsense mutation

Answer 8

Causes a stop codon THe

Question 9

Types of frameshift mutatoins

Answer 9

deletion, duplication, inversion, insertion, translocation

Question 10

Test cross/back cross

Answer 10

Use a homozygous recessive genotype to cross with unknown and find what outcome phenotypes shows

Question 11

Two heterozygous dihybrid cross results?

Answer 11

9:3:3:1

Question 12

Assume sex-linked traits are?

Answer 12

X-linked and recessive

Question 13

The further apart two genes are, more likely:

Answer 13

That there will be a crossing over point, chiasma

Question 14

Recombination frequency

Answer 14

Likelihood tow alleles are separated during crossing
over
Proportional to distance between genes on the chromosome

Question 15

Recombination frequency of weakly liked genes

Answer 15

50%

Question 16

Recombination frequency of strongly linked genes

Answer 16

0%

Question 17

p

Answer 17

Frequency of dominant allele

Question 18

q

Answer 18

Frequency of recessive allele

Question 19

Hardy-Weinberg equations

Answer 19

p+q=1

p^2 + 2pq + q^2=1

Question 20

Genotypic freqeuencies v. allele frequencies

Answer 20

Genotypic frequencies add the pq freqencies together

Question 21

Hardy-Weinberg used to show

Answer 21

Evoluion is not occuring in populations

Question 22

Convergent evolution

Answer 22

Independent development of similar characteristics