Genetics Flashcards
define DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid is a self replicating material which is present in most living cells. it is the main carrier of genetic info.
base is connected to a
sugar
define gene
a sequence of nucleotides forming part of a chromosome. they correspond for a specific trait.
define chromosome
a thread like structure of acids and proteins found in the nucleus. they carry genetic info in the form of genes
define genetic manipulation
the study of engineering/changing genes in an organism to serve a specific purpose. it changes the genetic make up of the cells
gene splicing process
plasmid removed from bacteria cut using enzyme dna removed from donor by restriction enzyme two paired so sticky ends join placed in plasmid ligase glues back together phosphate bonding plasmid put back into bacteria multiplies
mendels experiments
over many generations of pea plants, discovered certain traits are present in offspring without any blending of parent characteristics
define allele
alternative version of gene. they pair together to form a genotype
dominant
can override another allele and be expressed in the phenotype with only one allele in the genotype
recessive
alleles that need two of themselves in the genotype to be expressed in the phenotype.
autosomal inheritance
inheritance of genes on chromosomes 1-22 or autosomes
sex linked inheritance
inheritance of genes on the sex chromosome or chromosome 23
genotype
a pair of alleles corresponding for a phenotype
phenotype
a physical visible trait that is programmed by a genotype
pedigree woman shape
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