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eBIOLOGY Unit 1/2 > Chapter 13 - Genomes, genes and alleles > Flashcards

Chapter 13 - Genomes, genes and alleles Flashcards

1
Q

what are the base pairs?

A

adenine and thymine

cytosine and guanine

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2
Q

what makes up a nucletide

A

1 base
1 deoxyribose sugar
1 phosphate group

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3
Q

the base in a nucleotide is connected to a..

A

sugar

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4
Q

2 hydrogen bonds hold which pair of bases?

A

adenine and thymine

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5
Q

3 hydrogen bonds hold which pair of bases?

A

cytosine and guanine

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6
Q

what is chromatin

A

the matter of DNA in the nucleus of a cell

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7
Q

how does DNA become chromosomes

A

DNA strands in chromatin wrap around histone proteins. this makes nucleosomes which then come together to from chromosomes.

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8
Q

what is a genome

A

a complete set of autosomes + an X & Y chromosome

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9
Q

what is a telomere

A

the end of a chromosome

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10
Q

what is a centromere

A

where two chromatids are held together

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11
Q

what are sister chromatids

A

chromatids that have replicated themselves and are attached at the centromere

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12
Q

define metacentric

A

centromere is in the middle

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13
Q

define submetacentric

A

centromere is closer to one end

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14
Q

define acrocentric

A

centromere is very close to one end

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15
Q

what does prokaryotic cells have as DNA

A

circular molecules of DNA rather than chromosomes

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16
Q

what is the P and Q arm of a chromosome

A

the P arm of a chromosome is the shorter arm and the Q arm is the longer arm

17
Q

what is a karyotype

A

a photograph of the chromosomes in a genome

18
Q

how are karyotypes arranged

A

by size, banding pattern and centromere position

19
Q

define polyploidy

A

having more than 2 of each chromosome in a set

e.g: 3 of each chromosome = triploidy

20
Q

define aneuploidy

A

where there are not an appropriate number of chromosome for a single numbered chromosome

e.g: trisomy

21
Q

what is trisomy

A

having 3 of a specific numbered chromosome

22
Q

what is a block deletion

A

where a part of a chromosome is missing

23
Q

what is monosomy

A

where the is only 1 chromosome instead of 2 for a specific numbered chromosome

24
Q

what is disorder is trisomy-21

A

three 21 chromosomes

down syndrome

25
Q

what is disorder trisomy-18

A

three 18 chromosomes

edwards syndrome

26
Q

what is disorder 2X and 1Y

A

klinefelters syndrome

person is a male but infertile

27
Q

what is disorder only 1 X

A

turners syndrome

person is female but infertile

eBIOLOGY Unit 1/2 (7 decks)

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