Genetics Flashcards
DNA replicates by
(Semiconservative replication) each strand unwinds
Define a gene
Each gene codes for one polypeptide chain.
(GENE) what it does
Each gene tells cell (has directions) how to make a specific protein.
where are the directions to make a protein?
Located in nucleus
Where are the proteins made?
Ribosome
How do the directions get out to where the protein is made?
mRNA = messager RNA
Define transcription and where does it occur?
DNA unzips and mRNA forms a complementary copy
The DNA sequence that is to be transcribed is
ATTCGAACCGTACG
the complimentary RNA sequence
UAAUCGGUU
UCU
SERINE
UGG
TRYPTOPHAN
GGA
GYLCINE
GUU
VALINE
CUU
LEUCINE
AUG
MEHIONINE
AGU
START CODON
CAU
SERINE HISTIDINE
where does translation take place?
on the ribosome
Define translation
Using the mRNA codons to assemble amino acids and make a protein
what is a mutation
Changes in DNA
what is an effective or missense mutation
Can occur from exposure to x rays, uv radiation, nuclear radiation, certain chemicals
what is a point mutation?
One base is substituted for another
what is the result of a point mutation?
This changes the amino acid from asparagine to lysine
(kind of mutation) Insertion:
a small segment of DNA is added
(kind of mutation) Deletion:
a small segment of DNA is lost
the only time a mutation is passed on to offspring is when it occurs in a:
gamete cell
A mutation that is not usually passed on to offspring is called a:
Somatic cell
How could the offspring get above named mutation?
reproduction is asexual
