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final, bio Flashcards

1
Q

Fruit of grass family

A

grain

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2
Q

flower parts in grasses

A

spikelet

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3
Q

Top 4 grass crops

A

sugar cane
maize
rice
wheat

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4
Q

roots, stems, and leaves in grasses

A

Parallel venation
leaves alternate
fibrous roots

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5
Q

Purpose of rhizomes and stolons

A

Both involved in asexual reproduction, adaptation to disturbance, grazing

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6
Q

bran

A

fiber

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7
Q

Aleurone layer

A

Protein

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8
Q

Refined

A

Flour: longer shelf life

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9
Q

Germ

A

Vitamins, minerals, some oils

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10
Q

Allows bread to rise

A

Yeast: Sugar + enzymes -> Co2 + alcohol + 2 ATP (anaerobic)

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11
Q

Mutation of corn -> teosinte

A

Teosinte produces 2 rows of grains, each grain surrounded by a woody fruit coat- hard to eat or grind

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12
Q

Botanically, corn silks are

A

husks

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13
Q

Grasses with highest protein content

A

brown rice

Barley

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14
Q

Contains betaglucan

A

Oats

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15
Q

Action of betaglucan

A

Soluble of fiber

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16
Q

Not truly a grain, but very nutritious

A

Quinoa

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17
Q

A sugar substitute

A

Sorghum

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18
Q

looks like corn but has perfect flowers

A

Sorghum

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19
Q

Grass with 2nd highest protein content

A

Amaranth

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20
Q

first pasta

A

Millet

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21
Q

Most nutritious grain

A

Whole grain wheat Quinoa

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22
Q

Definition of Legume

A

are members of the bean family,(fabaceae) which includes all types of beans and peas as well as soy beans, peanuts, alfalfa, and clover.

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23
Q

Characteristics of legume flower

A

The five- petalled flower is irregular, with bilateral symmetry described as either butterfly-shaped or boat-shaped.

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24
Q

Leaves of legumes

A

Although the leaves of some legumes are simple. most are pinnately or palmately compound

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25
legume seeds store food in---
Cotyledons
26
Why legumes are good food staples
Easy to store because they are rich in both oil and protein. easy to grow/ harvest
27
Why legumes are high in protein
The high protein content of legumes is correlated with the presence of root nodules which contain nitrogen- fixing bacteria
28
Nitrification
Bacteria perform nitrification: Bacteria convert N in air into a form (ammonium or nitrate) that can be used by plants
29
Kinds of N compounds legumes like
Nitrogen Fixation converts the unusable N2 gas into ammonium (NH4+) which the plants incorporate into the synthesizing of proteins
30
Legume with highest protein content
Soybeans 30%- 50% protein
31
plant containing phytoestrogen
phytoestrogen---- plant estrogens
32
N cycle consists of?
Nitrogen- fixing organisms Decomposition- of dead plants and animals Volcanic activity and lightening- rain washes into soil Denitrification- ammonium and nitrates converted to N2 by bacteria in wet soils, fire
33
Liverworts, Hornworts, Mosses
Bryophytes
34
No vascular tissue
Liverworts, Hornworts, Mosses | Bryophytes
35
No true leaves, stems, roots
Liverworts, Hornworts, Mosses | Bryophytes
36
water required for reproduction
Bryophytes, Liverworts, Hornworts, Mosses
37
Gametophyte dominant
Bryophytes, Liverworts, Hornworts, Mosses
38
Sporophyte dependent on gametophyte
means the gametophyte feeds the sporophyte Liverworts, Hornworts, Mosses bryophytes
39
Meiosis in capsule-->
Bryophytes, liverworts, hornworts, mosses
40
No seeds
Liverworts, Hornworts, Mosses | Bryophytes
41
Seedless Vascular plants | Fern and fern allies
Club mosses, Whisk ferns, Horsetails, Ferns
42
vascular tissue
Club mosses, Whisk ferns, Horsetails, Ferns | Seedless Vascular Plants
43
True leaves, Stems, Roots
(microphylls) Club mosses, Whisk ferns, Horsetails, Ferns Seedless Vascular Plants
44
Water required for reproduction
Club mosses, Whisk ferns, Horsetails, Ferns | Seedless Vascular Plants
45
Sporophyte dominant
Club mosses, Whisk ferns, Horsetails, Ferns | Seedless Vascular Plants
46
Sporophyte and Gametophyte are independent
Club mosses, Whisk ferns, Horsetails, Ferns | Seedless Vascular Plants
47
Meiosis in sporangium or strobili but mostly in strobili
(OCCURS) Club mosses, Whisk ferns, Horsetails, Ferns Seedless Vascular Plants
48
Some spores heterosporous
Club mosses, ferns
49
No seeds
Club mosses, Whisk ferns, Horsetails, Ferns | Seedless Vascular Plants
50
Sporophyte Is Independent
It can Photosynthesize
51
Gymnosperms | Seed Plants
Cycads, Gingko, Conifers, Gnetals Gymnosperms Seed Plants
52
Vascular Tissue
Cycads, Gingko, Conifers, Gnetals Gymnosperms Seed Plants
53
True leaves, Stems, Roots
Cycads, Gingko, Conifers, Gnetals Gymnosperms Seed Plants
54
No water required for reproduction; POLLEN IS REQUIRED
Cycads, Gingko, Conifers, Gnetals Gymnosperms Seed Plants
55
Sporophyte Dominant
Cycads, Gingko, Conifers, Gnetals Gymnosperms Seed Plants
56
Gametophyte Dependent on Sporophyte
Cycads, Gingko, Conifers, Gnetals Gymnosperms Seed Plants
57
Meiosis in Strobili-- Ovule (OCCURS)
Cycads, Gingko, Conifers, Gnetals Gymnosperms Seed Plants
58
Spores Heterosporous-- Microspores and Megaspores
Cycads, Gingko, Conifers, Gnetals Gymnosperms Seed Plants
59
Seeds | protective coat with embryo inside and capability of lying dormant
Cycads, Gingko, Conifers, Gnetals Gymnosperms Seed Plants
60
Angiosperms | Flowering Plants
Fruit
61
Vascular tissue-- Vessel elements
Angiosperms | Flowering Plants
62
True leaves, Stems, Roots
Angiosperms | Flowering Plants
63
Pollen
Angiosperms | Flowering Plants
64
Sporophyte Dominant
Angiosperms | Flowering Plants
65
Gametophyte dependent on Sporophyte
Angiosperms | Flowering Plants
66
Meiosis in Flowers-> FRUIT
Angiosperms | Flowering Plants
67
Spores Heterosporous
Angiosperms | Flowering Plants
68
Seeds in Fruit
Angiosperms | Flowering Plants
69
Eat this and you might be tried as a witch
Rye
70
Two different alleles
Heterozygous
71
Phenotypes of offspring of long leaves x short leaves in incomplete dominance
Blended
72
two different alleles
Heterozygous
73
which cross will produce offspring with recessive phenotypes
Aa x Aa
74
curly trichomes x straight trichomes = curly and straight trichomes
codominance
75
production of mRNA from DNA template
Transcription
76
above takes place where (transcription)
Nucleus
77
steps of protein synthesis
Transcription -> Translation
78
Complementry mRNA strand of TTACAGGAT
AAUGAAUC
79
anticodon of CUA
GAU
80
Somatic mutation occurs where? is it passed to offspring?
Insertion/ added
81
GCC-> GCG
Mutation point
82
Name a characteristic of the plant kingdom
Photosynthesise
83
the following would be considered a gymnosperms
cycad
84
A sporophyte plant
is diploid and produces spores
85
a club moss is a
seedless vascular plant

roots and tissue (9 decks)

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