Genetics

Question 0

the principle enzyme involved in DNA replication; joins free nucleotides to the template strands of DNA

Answer 0

DNA polymerase

Question 1

the ability of a living bacterium to incorporate the DNA of another bacterium into its genome

Answer 1

transformation

Question 2

sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait

Answer 2

gene

Question 3

used to take a copy of a gene to the ribosome to code for a specific sequence of amino acids

Answer 3

mRNA

Question 4

combines with proteins to make ribosomes

Answer 4

rRNA

Question 5

used to bring specific amino acids to the ribosomes so that they can be joined together in the production of proteins

Answer 5

tRNA

Question 6

the process of making an mRNA copy of a specific gene using the original code found on the DNA

Answer 6

transcription

Question 7

an enzyme used in the production of mRNA during transcription

Answer 7

RNA polymerase

Question 8

the portion of the mRNA that is removed before the mRNA is exported from the nucleus

Answer 8

intron

Question 9

the coding portion of the mRNA that is exported from the nucleus

Answer 9

exon

Question 10

three consecutive nucleotides that specify a particular amino acid in the protein

Answer 10

codon

Question 11

the cell uses the code contained in the mRNA to produce a string of amino acids

Answer 11

translation

Question 12

group of three cases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon

Answer 12

anticodon

Question 13

mutations that involve a change in one or a few nucleotides

Answer 13

gene mutation

Question 14

mutations that occur at one point in the DNA sequence (substitutions, insertions, or deletions)

Answer 14

point mutation

Question 15

one nucleotide is accidentally substituted for another during DNA replication or trancription

Answer 15

substitution

Question 16

an additional nucleotide is included during DNA replication or transcription

Answer 16

insertion

Question 17

a nucleotide is left out during DNA replication or transcription

Answer 17

deletion (gene mutation)

Question 18

as a result of an addition or deletion mutation, the codon sequence is shifted so that the subsequent codons are changed, which may affect the sequence of amino acids

Answer 18

frameshift mutations

Question 19

changes in the number or structure of chromosomes; includes deletions, duplications, inversions, and translocations

Answer 19

chromosomal mutations

Question 20

a portion of a chromosome is removed, eliminating many genes

Answer 20

deletion (chromosome mutation)

Question 21

a portion of a chromosome is duplicated, creating multiple copies of the same genes

Answer 21

duplication

Question 22

part of the chromosome is removed and then reattached upside down

Answer 22

inversion

Question 23

part of one chromosome is attached to another chromosome

Answer 23

translocation

Question 24

a picture of chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes

Answer 24

karyotype

Question 25

the chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual

Answer 25

sex chromosomes

Question 26

all other chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes

Answer 26

autosome

Question 27

chart that shows the relationships in a family; used in tracking genetic disorders through families

Answer 27

pedigree

Question 28

genes located on the X or Y chromosomes

Answer 28

sex-linked genes

Question 29

when homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis, resulting in abnormal numbers of chromosomes in gametes

Answer 29

nondisjunction

Question 30

all of an individual’s genes

Answer 30

genome

Question 31

the effort to sequence and analyze the entire human genome

Answer 31

Human Genome Project