Cell Division

Question 1

a process occurring during S phase of the cell cycle when DNA is duplicated in preparation for cell division

Answer 1

DNA replication

Question 2

the events during the life of a cell; includes interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis

Answer 2

cell cycle

Question 3

the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells

Answer 3

cell division

Question 4

uncontrolled cell division

Answer 4

cancer

Question 5

the part of eukaryotic cell division where the nucleus divides; results in two nuclei with identical sets of chromosomes

Answer 5

mitosis

Question 6

phase in the cell cycle where the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares to divide

Answer 6

interphase

Question 7

the division of cytoplasm of one cell into two cells

Answer 7

cytokinesis

Question 8

second period of interphase in which DNA is replicated

Answer 8

S phase

Question 9

first period in interphase in which cells do most of their growing and produce proteins and organelles

Answer 9

G1

Question 10

shortest and last period of interphase, when the organelles and molecules needed in cell division are produced

Answer 10

G2

Question 11

the second phase of mitosis when chromosomes line up on the equator of the cell

Answer 11

metaphase

Question 12

the first and longest phase of mitosis when duplicated chromatin condense into chromosomes, centrioles move to opposite poles, spindle fibers form and attach to centromeres, and the nuclear envelope dissapears

Answer 12

prophase

Question 13

the final phase of mitosis when the nuclear envelope reappears, and chromosomes

Answer 13

telophase

Question 14

the third phase of mitosis when the sister chromatids begin to separate at the centromere and travel to opposite poles

Answer 14

anaphase

Question 15

a barrel-shaped cell structure involved in cell division and found in most animal eukaryotic cells, though it is absent in plants and most fungi

Answer 15

centriole

Question 16

the area where the two sister chromatids attach to each other and where spindle fibers attach to during mitosis/meiosis

Answer 16

centromere

Question 17

microtubules that form from the centrioles and separate the chromosomes into the daughter cells during cell division

Answer 17

spindle fibers

Question 18

one of two identical “sister” strands of a duplicated chromosome; joined by by centromere

Answer 18

chromatids

Question 19

plant cells form a cell plate and animal cells form a cleavage furrow

Answer 19

cytokinesis

Question 20

monomer of nucleic acids; composed of a 5-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group

Answer 20

nucleotides

Question 21

identical chromosome set with the same genes: one from mom and one from dad

Answer 21

homogulous chromosomes

Question 22

DNA tightly wound around histone proteins (this is its usable form)

Answer 22

chromatin

Question 23

group of nucleotide (cytosine, thymine, and uracil) that have a nitrogenous base containing one ring of carbon

Answer 23

pyrimidine

Question 24

the twisted ladder shape of DNA

Answer 24

double helix

Question 25

group of nucleotides (adenine and guanine) that have a nitrogenous base containing two fused carbon rings

Answer 25

purine

Question 26

proteins that help organize DNA

Answer 26

histone

Question 27

certain nitrogenous bases pair together to form the rungs of the DNA “ladder” (A with T/U, C with G)

Answer 27

base pairing

Question 28

the principle enzyme involved in DNA replication; joins free nucleotides to the template strands of DNA

Answer 28

DNA polymerase

Question 29

sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait

Answer 29

gene

Question 30

a cell with two homogulous copies of each chromosome, usually one from the mother and one from the father; represented by “2n”

Answer 30

diploid

Question 31

a cell (gamete) with only a single set of chromosomes; represented by “n”

Answer 31

haploid