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Biology > Chemistry of Life > Flashcards

Chemistry of Life Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

the attraction between molecules of different substances

A

adhesion

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1
Q

the attraction between molecules of the same substance

A

cohesion

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2
Q

a force caused by the cohesion of water molecules, making it possible for lightweight objects or certain organisms to sit on or walk on water

A

surface tension

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3
Q

a property of molecule of having uneven distribution of electrons causing it to have + and - poles

A

polarity

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4
Q

a property of water that allows it to move up a narrow tube against gravity

A

capillary action

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5
Q

an evenly distributed liquid mixture; salt dissolved in water makes a salt-water solution

A

solution

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6
Q

what is dissolved in a solution; salt in a salt-water solution

A

solute

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7
Q

liquid that dissolves the solute in a solution; water in a salt-water solution

A

solvent

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8
Q

a mixture where substances are not dissolved in the solvent; blood cells and nutrients in blood

A

suspension

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9
Q

a 0 to 14 scale that shows the concentration of H+ (hydrogen ion) present in a solution

A

pH

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10
Q

a compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution

A

acid

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11
Q

a solution with a pH below 7; has a higher concentration of hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions

A

acidic solution

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12
Q

a compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in a solution

A

base

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13
Q

a solution that has a pH above 7; has a higher concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-); sometimes referred to alkaline

A

basic solution

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14
Q

a weak acid or base that react with strong acids and bases to prevent sudden changes in pH

A

buffer

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15
Q

atom of an element that has a number of neutrons different from that of other atoms of the same element

A

isotope

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16
Q

a molecule that acts as a building block for larger molecule or polymer

A

monomer

17
Q

a macromolecule that is formed by joining two or more monomers together

A

polymer

18
Q

an organic molecule whose main function is as an energy source

A

carbohydrate

19
Q

simple sugar; monomer of carbohydrates; glucose is an example

A

monosaccharide

20
Q

double sugar; sucrose (table sugar) is an example

A

disaccharide

21
Q

complex carbohydrate; made from bonding monosaccharides together; glycogen, starch, and cellulose are example

A

polysaccharide

22
Q

organic molecules consisting of fats, oils, waxes, and sterols whose main functions are energy storage and components of cells membranes

A

lipids

23
Q

a lipid with a phosphate head and fatty acid tails; major component of cell membranes

A

phospholipid

24
Q

an organic molecule whose main function is to store and transmit genetic information; DNA and RNA are example

A

nucleic acid

25
Q

monomer/building block of nucleic acid

A

nucleotide

26
Q

an organic molecule whose main functions are building body structures, speeding up chemical reactions, and fighting diseases

A

protein

27
Q

monomer of proteins

A

amino acids

28
Q

a process where reactants are transformed into products through the breaking or forming of chemical bonds

A

chemical reaction

29
Q

chemicals that go into a chemical reaction

A

reactant

30
Q

the chemicals that result from a chemical reaction

A

product

31
Q

a weak chemical bond that occurs between compounds such as water molecules

A

hydrogen bond

32
Q

a chemical reaction where two molecules are joined and a molecule of water is given off; also known as dehydration synthesis

A

condensation reaction

33
Q

when two monomers are joined to produce a polymer

A

polymerization

34
Q

the splitting apart of a larger molecule into smaller prices by adding water

A

hydrolysis

35
Q

energy required to start a reaction

A

activation energy

36
Q

a protein that lowers activation energy by acting as a catalyst; the names of these generally end in -ase

A

enzyme

37
Q

reactant(s) in an enzyme chemical reaction

A

substrate

38
Q

location on the enzyme where the reaction takes place

A

active site

39
Q

chemicals that speed up chemical reactions

A

catalyst

Biology (7 decks)

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