Cells & Cell Transport Flashcards
a single-celled organism that does not have a distinct nucleus with a membrane or other membrane-bound organelles
prokaryote
an organism in which the genetic material (DNA) is contained within a distinct nucleus
eukaryote
a membrane-bound, specialized structure with a specific function in a cell
organelle
a gel-like material outside of the nucleus within a cell; includes organelles
cytoplasm
the organelle that contains DNA and controls many processes for the eukaryotic cell
nucleus
the membrane surrounding the nucleus; contains nuclear pores that allow specific materials to move in and out of the nucleus
nuclear envelope
DNA bound to proteins; DNA is in this form during the cell’s day-to-day activities
chromatin
a single, tightly coiled strand of DNA, visible with light microscope
chromosome
a network of membranes involved in protein synthesis and transportation; ribosomes are located on the surface of the membranes
rough endoplasmic reticulum
a network of membranes involved in lipid synthesis and transport
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
a complex of stacked membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for a secretion and intercellular transport
Golgi apparatus
an organelles containing enzymes that digest and recycle waste
lysosome
cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
vacuole
an organelle that functions in energy production by converting food molecules into usable energy
mitochondria
an organelle found in cells of plants that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy
chloroplasts
