Genetics 2 Flashcards
a mutation that alters the wild-type phenotype
forward mutation
mutation that changes codon to a synonymous codon that specifies the same aa
silent termination
substitution mutation that results in protein sequence with altered aa
missense mutation
mutation that changes a codon resulting in early termination of translation
nonsense mutation
mutation that causes a change in aa sequence but not protein function
neutral mutation
A recessive mutation that causes complete or partial absence of protein function
loss of function
A dominant mutation that produces new trait in a protein
Gain of function
Mutations only expressed under certain conditions (w/ eg)
Conditional mutation
simese cats - enzyme functions in cold (darkening fur), but not in warmth
mutations that cause premature death (w/ eg)
Lethal mutations
double dwarfism - two copies of the dwarf gene causes death
mutation that changes the mutant phenotype back to wild-type
reverse mutation
Types of reverse mutations
true reversion
intragenic reversion
second-site reversion
reversion where wild-type DNA sequence is restored by a second mutation within the same codon
true reversion
reversion that restores function and occurs through a mutation elsewhere
intragenic reversion
reversion that occurs through a mutation in a different gene both mutations (original and one in different gene) restore the organism to wild-type
second-site reversion
intergenic reversion
type of second-site reversion where the mutation of a second gene compensates for the original mutation
suppressor mutation
Types of alleles resulting from mutations
wild type amorphic - recessive hypomorphic - recessive hypermorphic - dominant neomorphic - dominant
allele where the gene functions in a manor seen in the majority of individuals in a population
wild type allele
allele that is nonfunctional (no expression or no function)
amorphic allele
allele that causes a gene to be partially functional
hypomorphic allele
allele that causes expression to be high or protein to be hyperactive
hypermorphic allele
allele that causes product to have a new function
neomorphic allele
mutation that results from internal factors
spontaneous mutation
mutation that results from external factors
induced mutation
having a mismatched base in a newly synthesized nucleotide chain
incorporated error
