Genetics Flashcards
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic
Give he structure of DNA?
Double helixWH
What is a nucleotide made up of?
Phosphate
Sugar
Bases
Give the full name of the bases in DNA?
Cytosine
Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Which bases bind to one another?
A ā> T
Cā> G
What does RNA stand for?
Ribonucleic Acid
How does RNA differ to DNA? (4 ways)
Single stranded
Ribose sugar
Adenine binds to Uracil now
Chain is shorter
What does transcription do?
Transcribes DNA to make a complementary copy of mRNA
Where does transcription occur?
Nucleus
If the DNA code is { ATGTGGCCCATT } what would the mRNA code be?
UACACCGGGUAA
Describe the process of transcription? [4 marks]
Happens in the Nucleus
The DNA is unzipped by an enzyme.
mRNA would be formed by bases matching up. Adenine now bind with Uracil
mRNA moves out of the nucleus
What is translation?
Translates mRNA to protein
Where does translation occur?
Ribosome
Describe the process of translation?
[4 marks]
mRNA will travel through cytoplasm and attach to a ribosome
For every mRNA base the ribosome lines up with one complementary molecule of tRNA
Every 3 bases are called a codon
Three bases of tRNA are anticodons
This creates an amino acid which forms a chain and this will become a protein
There is a mutation in the DNA coding for amylase, describe the affects?
DNA base will change which means mRNA will change. The anticodon will now change meaning the amino acid could now well change. This means active site may change and amylase will not function properly.
However, there may be no change as sequence may now not change
What is a mutation?
A random change in the DNA of and organsim
What are the 2 mutation?
Gene mutation
Chromosomal mutation
Explain how some bacteria can become resistent to an antibiotic?
A mutation occured where some bacteria became resistent to an antibiotic
