Cells and Immunity Flashcards
What kingdom is E-coli from?
Bacteria
What kingdom is Paramecium from?
Protoctista
What kingdom is Chlorella from?
Protoctista
What kingdom is Mucor from?
Fungi
What kingdom is HIV from?
Viruses
What kingdom is Tobacco Mosaic from?
Viruses
What kingdom is Pneumococcus from?
Bacteria
What kingdom is Legume from?
Plant
Is a virus a cell?
No
Why is a virus not a cell, give 3 reasons why?
As it can’t reproduce nor respire on its own. It also needs a host to survive
Give the 4 pieces of a Virus cell?
Protein attachment
Lipid envelope
DNA or RNA
Capsid
What is DNA or RNA used for in a virus cell?
Codes to make more copies of the virus
What does a virus do to a cell?
Integrates itself into a host cell and codes that cell to multiply itself with the virus. The infected cell would burst at one point and release more viruses
Name the two white blood cells?
Phagocytes
Lymphocytes
What do Phagocytes do?
Wille engulf the pathogens using enzymes
What do Lymphocytes do?
Make antibodies and antitoxins to neutralise the pathogens
How do vaccinations work?
Use dead or weakened pathogens which are injected in the blood stream. Lymphocytes will recognise as a foreign antigen and make antibodies
What are the lymphocytes also good at?
Have a good memory - memory cell. Remembers a pathogen and has an antibody ready for it
What is an antigen?
Foreign proteins on the outside of cells that will causes and immune response
What happens after the first vaccination in terms of WBC response?
Takes a long time to create antibodies. Only small amounts are made and they are also weaker
What happens after the second vaccination in terms of WBC response?
Much quicker and stringer antibodies - this is due to the memory cells
What is a stem cell?
A cell which is unspecialised and can differentiate into different cells
How do stem cells divide?
Mitosis
Give 3 advs of stem cells?
regeneration of damaged tissues
treatment for diseases or genetics
medical research
