GENETICS Flashcards
In humans each cell with the exception of the sperm and ovum contains __ chromosomes
46
there are __ autosomes and ___ sex chromosomes
44 ; 2
DNA can replicate itself leading to the development of a human being from one cell now this process is called
mitosis
for each chromosome in the
sperm cell there is a like chromosome of similar size and shape and function we call
this the
Autosome or homologous chromosome
Each parent of a human
being carries __ copies of their genes and each parent passes __ copy of genes to their child
two ; one
are disorders that can be passed from one generation to
the next.
Genetic disorders
the study of the ways such
disorders occur.
Genetics
22 of our 23 chromosome pairs can be distinguished from one another. These are called
autosomes
The X is long, the Y short and carries __ genetic material.
Less
refers to his or her outward appearance or the expression of the genes
Phenotype
refers to his or her actual gene composition.
Genotype
the complete set of
genes present (about 50,000 to 100,000).
Genome
___ determines baby’s sex.
male’s sperm
If the genes differ a gene for blue eyes from the mother and a gene for brown eyes from the father, or vice versa), the person is said to be __
Heterozygous
is one of two or more versions of your DNA sequence a single base or a segment of bases at a given genomic location an individual inherits
Allele
If the alleles are different the individual is said to be __ for the trait
heterozygous
If the father however is heterozygous has
one dominant gene and one recessive gene a child born to this couple will have
an __ chance of being brown eyed or blue eyed
equal
If the father is homozygous dominant meaning the father has two dominant genes for brown eye color and the mother is homozygous recessive which means the mother has two genes for blue eye color it
can be predicted that their children have a 100% of being __ for the trait they will appear brown eye the phenotype but will carry a recessive gene for blue eyes for the genotype
heterozygous
Either a person has two unhealthy genes (homozygous dominant) or is heterozygous,
with the gene causing the disease stronger than the corresponding healthy recessive
gene for the same trait.
Autosomal dominant disorders
means that a single copy of the
mutated gene from one parent is enough to cause the disorder
Dominant
means that a single copy of the
mutated gene from one parent is enough to cause the disorder
Dominant
this means that the gene in
question is located on one of the numbered or non-sex chromosomes
Autosomal
requires two copies of the mutated gene one from each parent to cause the disorder
Autosomal recessive inheritance disorder
Such diseases do not do not occur unless the __ genes for the disease are present like your homozygous recessive
pattern
two
If the gene is dominant, only one X chromosome with the trait need be present for symptoms of the disorder to be
manifested.
X linked dominant inheritance disorder
Hemophilia A, Christmas disease (a Blood factor deficiency) ; incompatible with life therefore females
who inherit the affected gene will be heterozygous and because a normal gene is also present the expression of the disease will be blocked
X linked recessive inheritance disorder
• Provide concrete, accurate information about
• inherited disorders
• Reassure people who are concerned that their child may inherit a particular disorder that the disorder will not occur
genetic counseling
