genetics

Question 1

Blending inheritance

Answer 1

The historical perspective on how offspring got their traits where the offspring gets half of each parents phenotype
This is false

Question 2

self-pollination:

Answer 2

When a plant reproduces by fertilising its own eggs

Question 3

true-breeding:

Answer 3

Plants that, when self pollinating, maintain the same phenotypic expression

Question 4

Testcross:

Answer 4

A Cross between a organism of an unknown genotype with a organism with know genotype

Question 5

Monohybrid:

Answer 5

A cross that changes only one of the traits of the organism

Question 6

Dihybrid:

Answer 6

A cross resulting in the exchange of two separate alleles

Question 7

Segregation (Mendel’s Principle of Segregation):

Answer 7

The principal Mendel came up with stating that alleles independently separate during gamete formation and join randomly upon fertilization

Question 8

Homozygous:

Answer 8

The term to describe when a diploid has two of the same allele variations of the same gene

Question 9

Heterozygous:

Answer 9

The term to describe when a diploid had two separate allele variations of the same gene

Question 10

Independent assortment (Mendel’s Principle of Independent Assortment):

Answer 10

It states that the allele of one gene that has no effect of the allele received of a second gene

Question 11

Incomplete dominance:

Answer 11

Happens when the recessive alleles can be seen to some extent in the phenotype of a heterozygous organism.

Question 12

Codominance:

Answer 12

When there are no dominant/ recessive genes. Instead the alleles are expressed in equal proportion

Question 13

multiple alleles:

Answer 13

The idea that there are possibly more than two variations of each allele

Question 14

Epistasis:

Answer 14

When the presence of one allele masks or inhibits the expression of a different allele.

Question 15

Polygenic inheritance:

Answer 15

When multiple genes contribute to a specific character. An example is things like human height and mass.

Question 16

Pleiotropy:

Answer 16

When a gene affects more than one trait. Basically the opposite if polygenic inheritance. An example of this is sickle cell disease.

Question 17

Sickle cell anemia

Answer 17

A recessive allele that causes red blood cells to collapse when they enter the tissue capillaries
Sickle cells are destroyed by your body resulting in anemia.

Question 18

Describe and compare the genotypes of P, F1, and F2 generations given a Mendelian
monohybrid or dihybrid cross scenario.

Answer 18

P- The parental generation
F1- The first generation of crosses
F2- The second generation of crosses

Question 19

Explain how a Punnett Square is related to probabilities, and describe what different
regions of a Punnett Square represent.

Answer 19

A punnett square breaks down the possible results so they can easily be put into ratios and frequencies.

Question 20

Explain how the environment can contribute to a phenotype, using an example

Answer 20

Organisms have to be able to adapt to their environment as much as possible. Epigenetics is the study of how phenotypes change in different environments like the mylination of neurons the more they are used.