Genetics Flashcards
Albinism
Genetic disorder characterised by the non-production of the pigment melanin
Alleles
Alternative forms of a gene found at the same locus
Chromatid Network
Tangled network of chromosomes located within the nucleus
Cloning
The production of genetically identical offspring, using biotechnology
Co-dominance
Cross involving alleles of a gene that are equally dominant, leading to a third phenotype which is a combination of the other 2 phenotypes
complete dominance
a cross involving characteristics controlled by dominant and recessive alleles
Dihybrid
a cross involving 2 characteristics
DNA Profile
A unique pattern formed by DNA fragments of an individual
Dominant
An allele that influences the phenotype whether in the homozygous or heterozygous combination
Frameshift mutation
A gene mutation caused by the addition OR deletion of a base pair
Genetic Modification
Manipulation of the genotype of an organism to produce desirable characteristics
Genotype
The alleles of a gene that an individual possesses for a particular characteristic
Haemophilia
A sex-linked disorder characterised by the absence of clotting factors
Heterozygous
an Individual with 2 different alleles for a particular characteristic found at the locus
Homozygous
an Individual with 2 copies of the same allele for a particular characteristic
incomplete dominance
Cross involving alleles that are neither dominant nor recessive, leading to an intermediate phenotype
Independent Assortment
The movement of alleles for a characteristic into different gametes independently of the alleles for other characteristics
Monohybrid
A cross involving a single characteristic
Multiple Alleles
More than 2 alleles at the same locus influence a single characteristic
Mutation
Sudden change in the structure of a gene
Pedigree diagram
A representation that traces the transmission of a characteristic over many generations of a family
Phenotype
The external appearance of an organism
Point Mutation
A gene mutation caused by the substitution of a base pair
Recessive
An allele that influences the phenotype only when in the homologous combination but not in the heterozygous condition
Sex-linked Characteristics
Characteristics that are controlled by alleles of a gene that are located on the sex chromosome
Sickle-cell anaemia
Disorder caused by a point mutation leading to abnormally shaped red blood cells
Stem Cells
Undifferentiated cells that can form any other cell type in an organism
