Genetics Flashcards
Explain how pyrophosphate is produced, including bonds and enzymes
DNA polymerase catalyse formation of Phosphodiester bond (5/3)
Extra phosphate groups from activated base is released
How is light produced for pyrosequencing?
Pyrophosphate used to form ATP, used to produce light
How is DNA polymerase formed from its gene?
Transcription + Translation
Golgi apparatus fold / twist to form tertiary structure
How is DNA polymerase used in sequencing?
Catalyse formation of Complementary strand
What are the two methods for sequencing?
Fred Sanger’s method
Pyrosequencing
What is a mutagen?
Something that increases rate of mutation
What are physical agents in mutation?
X rays
Gamma rays
UV
What are chemical agents for mutation?
Mustard gas Nitrous acid Aromatic amines Reactive oxygens Colchicine Benzopyrene
What are biological agents?
Some virus
Transponsons
Food contaminants
What’s the difference between chromosome and DNA mutations?
Chromosome - Change in structure/ location of genes
- multiple genes
- larger impact
- somatic cells
DNA - change in base sequence
- single gene
- smaller change
- during meiosis
What are the types of chromosome mutations
Deletion Inversion Translocation Duplication Non-disconjunction
What causes DNA fragments to move across during electrophoresis?
Cathode and anode at each end of electrophoresis gel,
DNA has an overall negative charge due to phosphate groups
DNA moves to anode.
What is the function of gyrase in pyrosequencing?
Removes Activated neucleotides so a different base can be added
How do restriction enzymes cut a section of DNA?
At a specific Palindromic part of the DNA
What is the purpose of PCR?
Amplify / increase number of DNA for analysis.
