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Special 2 > Genetic- predisposition to cancer > Flashcards

Genetic- predisposition to cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What is inherited cancer?

A

Germline mutation

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2
Q

Where are the cancer cells in the body with a germline mutation?

A

In every tissue of the body, regardless of the type of cancer

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3
Q

What is non-inherited cancer?

A

Somatic mutation

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4
Q

Where do somatic mutations occur?

A

In non-germ line tissue

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5
Q

What type of mutation causes the most cancer?

A

Somatic mutations

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6
Q

Which genes are associated with germline mutations?

A
  • DNA mismatch repair gene

* Tumour suppressor gene

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7
Q

What gene is associated with somatic cancer?

A

Oncogene

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8
Q

What is the function of a DNA mismatch repair gene?

A

Function is to fix base pair mismatch

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9
Q

What is the function of an oncogene?

A

Function is cell growth

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10
Q

What is the function of a tumour suppressor gene?

A

Function is to prevent mutations

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11
Q

What is the cancer genetic process?

A
  • Obtain a family history
  • Confirm cancer diagnosis
  • Estimate patients risk
  • Genetic testing
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12
Q

Which gene is associated with colorectal cancer?

A

Lynch gene

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13
Q

What does the lynch gene cause?

A

Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer

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14
Q

What type of gene mutation in the Lynch gene results in colorectal cancer?

A

DNA mismatch repair gene

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15
Q

Which genes are associated with breast and ovarian cancer?

A

BRCA1 and BRCA2

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16
Q

By how much does BRCA1 increase the risk of primary breast cancer?

A

Increases chance by 60-80%

17
Q

What percentage of people with the BRCA1 gene get secondary breast cancer?

A

About 50% get second primary breast cancer

18
Q

When should you suspect hereditary cancer syndrome?

A
  • 2 or more close relatives
  • Early age of onset
  • Multiple primary tumours
  • Bilateral or multiple rare cancers
  • Characteristic patterns e.g. breast & ovarian
  • Autosomal dominant pattern
19
Q

By how much does BRCA1 increase risk of ovarian cancer?

A

By 50%

20
Q

By how much does BRCA2 increase the risk of ovarian cancer?

A

By 20%

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