Genetic Material Flashcards
DNA polymerase
enzyme that catalyzes synthesis of new DNA molecules
semiconservative replication
DNA replication which parental strands separate, and produce molecules of DNA with one parental strand and a new DNA strand. Templates
RNA
ribonucleic acid, guides protein synthesis
messanger RNA
type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm
ribosomal RNA
type of RNA that associates with proteins to form ribosomes
transfer RNA
type of RNA that transport amino acids to the ribosome
RNA polymerase
enzyme that regulates RNA synthesis
transcription
process in mRNA is synthesized from the template DNA
introns
in RNA processing, that intervening coding sequence missing from the final mRNA
exons
in RNA processing, the coding sequence that remains in the final mRNA
codon
three-base code in DNA or RNA
translation
process in which mRNA attaches to the ribosome and a protein is assembled
gene regulation
ability of an organism to control which genes are transcribed in response to the environment
operon
section of DNA containing genes for proteins required for a specific metabolic pathway, consists of an operator, promoter, regulatory gene, and genes coding for protein
mutation
permanent change in a cell’s DNA, ranging from changes in a single base pair to deletions of large sections of chromosomes
