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Biology > Genetic & Inheritance > Flashcards

Genetic & Inheritance Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

DNA structure

A

A polymer made up of two strands coiled around each other to form a double helix. Strands consist of a sugar- phosphate backbone with nitrogenous bases attached to the backbone via complementary base pairing

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2
Q

Genome

A

The entire set of genetic material (DNA) of an organism

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3
Q

Gene

A

A section of a molecule of DNA found on a chromosome that codes for a specific protein

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4
Q

What does nucleus contain

A

Contains chromosomes on which genes are located

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5
Q

Alleles

A

Different versions of the same gene

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6
Q

Chromosome

A

A thread- like structure of DNA found in the nucleus of a cell that carries genetic information in the form of genes

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7
Q

Dominant

A

Only needs to be inherited from one parent for the characteristsics to show up in the phenotype

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8
Q

Recessive

A

Needs to be inherited from both parents for the characteristics to show up in the phenotype

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9
Q

Homozygous

A

Two identical alleles of the same gene (2 dominant or 2 recessive)

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10
Q

Heterozygous

A

Two different alleles of the same gene (one dominant & one recessive)

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11
Q

Phenotype

A

The observable characteristics of an organism

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12
Q

Genotype

A

The genetic consitution of an individual organism

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13
Q

Meiosis

A

A form of cell division that produces two non- identical cells with half the usual number of chromosomes

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14
Q

Diploid

A

Two complete sets of chromosomes

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15
Q

How many different chromosomes do humans have?

A

23 different chromosomes

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16
Q

Types of chromosomes

A

22 pairs of homologous chromosomes & 1 pair of sex chromosomes

17
Q

Gametes

A

Have one copy of each chromosome. There are 23 chromosomes in each sex cell. Haploid cells

18
Q

Mutation

A

A random change in DNA which may result in genetic variants

19
Q

Nucleus

A

The organelle that contains the genetic material of the cell & controls the activities of the cell

20
Q

Complementary base pairing

A

The specific pairings of nucleotide bases in DNA
Adenine - Thymine
Guanine - Cytosine

21
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

Two chromosomes that carry corresponding genes, but they may have different alleles for each gene

22
Q

Bonds between paired bases

A

Hydrogen bonds between paired bases

23
Q

Nucleotide structure

A

A nitrogenous base, a deoxyribose sugar & a phosphate group

Biology (2 decks)

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