Genetic information: storage and transfer Flashcards
Be able to define genotype, phenotype and genome Understand that genotype has a major influence on phenotype but other factors can apply Understand why animal clones and human identical twins are not the same Know the size of E.coli, budding yeast, fruit fly and human genomes in bp and their length
What is the definition of a genotype:
A set of genes you inherit
What is the definition of a phenotype?
The individual characteristics and appearance
What are the 3 different types of ways characteristics can be expressed?
Entirely by genes
Genes + environment
Not by genes at all
What is the name of the process where genes are turned on or off?
Epigenetics
What are the 4 steps for cloning an animal?
- Matured egg isolated, remove the chromosomes
- Fuse egg and cell
- Electropulse to activate
- Implant in carrier female
What happens when twins get older?
They get less similar due to the environment and epigenetic modifications
What is the 5 step process of genes influencing the phenotype?
- Genes
- Proteins made
- Cells
- Organs and tissues
- Organism
What its the definition of a genome?
The total amount of genetic material in one chromosome set
What is the size of an E.coli genome?
4,639,221 bp
What is the size of a budding yeast genome?
12,495,682 bp
What is the size of fruit fly genome?
180,000,000 bp
What is the size of a human genome?
3,200,000,000 bp
Put in order the size of budding yeast, human, fruit fly and E.coli genome: (smallest to largest)
- E.coli
- Budding yeast
- Fruit fly
- Human
