Cell types and specialisation

Question 1

What are the 3 key features of a cell?

Answer 1

Plasma membrane, Nuclear region with DNA, Cytoplasm

Question 2

What are the properties of a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 2

No nucleus, unicellular, 0.5-2 um

Question 3

What are the properties of a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 3

Nuclei, complex structure with organelles, uni or multicellular, 5-20 um

Question 4

What are the 3 domains:

Answer 4

Eukaryotes, bacteria and archaea

Question 5

Describe the eubacteria structure:

Answer 5

Plasma membrane, rigid cell wall (peptidoglycan), DNA in nucleoid region

Question 6

Describe archaea structure:

Answer 6

Similar to bacteria, different DNA, no peptidoglycan call wall, found in hostile environments

Question 7

Describe a eukaryotes structure:

Answer 7

Plasma membrane, DNA in the nucleus, cytoplasm is compartmentalised, complex cytoskeletal system

Question 8

What are the main constituents of an animal cell:

Answer 8

Nucleus, organelles, ribosomes, centrioles, cytoskeleton

Question 9

What are the main constituents of a plant cell:

Answer 9

Nucleus, organelles, chloroplasts, ribosomes, cytoskeleton, single large vacuole, riding cellulose wall

Question 10

What is in a protist cell?

Answer 10

Unicellular, flexible cell surface, vacuole

Question 11

Fungal cell:

Answer 11

Unicellular, hyphae, multiple nuclei, rigid chitin wall

Question 12

Give 4 examples of cell specialisation:

Answer 12

Movement: flagella or cilia
Signalling: Nerve cells with long axon
Transport: Red blood cells, lack nucleus to make small
Reproduction: Sperm cells with flagellum, mushrooms with gills