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Josh Cowling
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Decks in this class (23)
Cell types and specialisation
Essential features of the cell
Cell types and comparisons pro/eukaryotic
Specialisation and multicellularity in eukaryotes
12
cards
Cell theory and microscopy
What are cells?
Light microscopy
Electron microscopy
Recent advances
13
cards
Boundaries and membranes
Cell boundaries
Membranes - structure and function
Cell walls and extracellular mix
10
cards
Organelles
Introduction
Survey of different organelles
17
cards
Genetic information: storage and transfer
Be able to define genotype, phenotype and genome
Understand that genotype has a major influence on phenotype but other factors can apply
Understand why animal clones and human identical twins are not the same
Know the size of E.coli, budding yeast, fruit fly and human genomes in bp and their length
13
cards
Mendelian Genetics 1
Mendel's experiments on pea pants
Dominance
Law of segregation
Law of independent assortment
Mendelian traits in humans
Pedigree analysis
15
cards
Mendelian Genetics 2
Meiosis
Chromosomal basis of inheritance
Non-mendelian patterns of inheritance
Incomplete dominance
Co-dominance
Multiple alleles
Pleiotropy
Epistasis
Polygenic inheritance
Environment
19
cards
Advanced mendelian genetics 1
Define what a gene allele is and what we mean by dominant and recessive alleles
Explain why an allele of a gene encoding a working version of isn enzyme is usually dominant over a mutant allele that encodes a non-working enzyme
Define haploinsufficiency and the nature of dominant negative alleles, give examples to illustrate how these work
Give one example where alleles of several genes combine to give different phenotypes
8
cards
Advanced Mendelian Genetics 2
Define epistasis and explain it using an example
Give some specific examples of modifier genes and discuss their general importance in genetics
Describe the genetic effects of penetrance and expressivity using Huntington's disease as an example
Explain what a genetic map is, the nature of genetic linkage and recombination, and how by measuring recombination we can produce genetic maps
14
cards
DNA and RNA
Describe the experiment Griffith did to discover bacterial transformation
Describe Avery, Macleod and McCarty DNA discovering experiment
Explain how genetic material of phage T2 is DNA
Draw nucleotide basic structure
Know DNA properties
Identify purine and pyrimidine bases
Understand difference between Deoxyribose and ribose
Know that DNA can adopt different forms
24
cards
DNA replication
What type of replication does dna...,
Who discovered semi conservative ...,
How did meselson and stahl prove ...
14
cards
DNA replication II
Understand why telomeres cause a problem for replication and how telomerase solves this
Appreciate the different activities of E.coli DNA pol 3, the organisation of the enzyme and its action during DNA rep
Understand DNA supercoiling ands understand topisomerase and gyrase
Learnt E.coli replication and the role of the term sequences
Be able to explain how E.coli can replicate efficiently
21
cards
Transcription in eukaryotes
Understand how DNA is packaged in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells and how this differs from prokaryotic cells
Know the names and roles pf 3 major RNA polymerases
Be familiar with the organisation of eukaryotic promoters and understand what the different regions do
Know the difference between specific and general transcription factors and know a model of transcription
Understand DNA splicing, capping and polyadenylation
21
cards
Transcription in prokaryotes
Understand how the E.coli genome is packaged inside the cell
Understand how genes are organised and the difference between coding and template strands
Know the nature of the main promoter elements in E.coli and how they interact with RNA polymerase
Explain the basics of RNA synthesis in transcription
Appreciate the functions of intrinsic and Rho dependent terminators
15
cards
The genetic code
State which molecules are involved in protein synthesis and be able to describe their specific roles
Explain the relevance of the genetic code
Explain why the genetic code must be at least 3 base pairs per codon
Explain why the genetic code is degenerate but not ambiguous
Explain the relevance of the nonsense codons
Describe the chemical mechanisms involved in tRNA charging
12
cards
Translation
To be able to describe the function and structure of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes
To comprehend the sequence of events during protein synthesis
Describe the events which can modify a protein after is has been synthesised
State examples of antibiotics which specifically inhibit protein synthesis in both types of cells
13
cards
Protein structure and function
What are proteins built from,
What is the equation for protein ...,
What are the bonds between proteins
26
cards
Proteins and their amino acids
What does condensation of amino a...,
What do multiple peptide bonds make,
What happens to chains of amino a...
14
cards
Enzymes and applications
What are the functions of enzymes 2,
Where are simple enzymes found,
Where are complex enzymes found
12
cards
Enzyme kinetics
What are the 3 characteristics of...,
What do catalysts lower,
How do we measure the effectivene...
15
cards
Enzyme inhibition
Is enzyme inhibition reversible o...,
What are the characteristics of a...,
What is an example of an irrevers...
10
cards
Enzyme regulation
What are the 3 ways to regulate e...,
How can glucose metabolism in ske...,
What is allosteric control 4
8
cards
Metabolism
What is metabolism,
What does anabolic mean,
What does catabolic mean
33
cards
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Genes, Molecules and Cells (1)
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