⭐️Genetic Info, Variation And Relationships: Biodiversity Flashcards
What is the definition of a species?
Organisms that share a large number of common characteristics and so can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
What is the binomial system
The system that uses two names to identify organisms through genus and species
What are the rules of using the binomial system in scientific writing?
- The names are typed in italics or underlined when handwritten
- the first letter of the genus is capital and the first letter of the species is lowercase
- if the species isn’t known it can be written after the genus as sp
Why don’t members of two different species reproduce?
Because the offspring being the hybrid will end up sterile because they would have an odd number of chromosomes so they wouldn’t pair up during meiosis. This means the offspring of two different species is a waste of energy because it can’t go on to pass down its genes to the next generation.
What do sign stimuli allow for organisms?
To make sure they have recognised their own species and chosen the organism with the best characteristics for sexual reproduction
Why are courtship and mating essential?
In order for the species to survive so that their DNA can be passed on to through the reproductive process to the next generation
Give 5 ways courtship ensures successful mating
By allowing members of a species to:
- recognise members of their own species to make sure mating only takes place between members of the same species to produce fertile offspring
- to identify a mate that’s capable of breeding as both partners need to be sexually mature, fertile and receptive to mating
- to form a pair bond that will lead to successful mating and raising of offspring
- to synchronise mating so it takes place when there’s the maximum possibility of sperm and egg cell fusing
- to become able to breed by bringing a member of the opposite sex into a phycological state that allows breeding to occur
How do males use courtship behaviour?
To determine wether the female is in the window where they are receptive to mating
What is classification?
Grouping of organisms
What is a hierarchy?
Where the groups are within groups and the groups don’t overlap
What is taxonomy?
The theory and practise of biological classification
What are the two types of biological classification?
Phylogenetic classification and artificial classification
What is each group of the classification system called?
A taxon
List all the taxa in the classification system
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
What is artificial classification based on?
- not based on evolutionary relationships
- groups of organisms are instead based on analogous characteristics (characteristics with the same function but different evolutionary origin e.g. the wings of butterflies and birds are both used for flight but originated in different ways)