Cell Structure - Cell Specialisation And Organisation

Question 1

All cells contain the same genes so how are they specialised?

Answer 1

Because in each cell, only certain genes are switched on and the rest are switched off so different genes are switched on in each type of specialised cell

Question 2

Name 2 cells that contain many chloroplasts

Answer 2

Palisade cells and mesophyll (found in plant leaves)

Question 3

Name the type of cells where there is a high number of mitochondria

Answer 3

Muscle cells, root hair cells in plants and epithelial cells in the intestines

Question 4

Name the cells that contain high numbers of ribosomes and therefore rER and Golgi

Answer 4

• enzyme and hormone secreting cells
• b lymphocytes as they produce antibodies
• liver cells

Question 5

Name the cells that have high numbers of lysosomes

Answer 5

Phagocytes

Question 6

What is tissue?

Answer 6

A collection of similar cells that work together to perform a similar function

Question 7

Name two types of tissue

Answer 7

Epithelial tissue and xylem

Question 8

For epithelial tissue where in animals is it found? what is their function? Give an example of epithelial tissue and how it’s useful.

Answer 8

• the type with thin and flat cells line the surface of organs where diffusion takes place
• they usually have protective or secretory function
• for example the alveoli of the lungs and the ciliated epithelium that lines a duct such as the trachea. The cilia are used to move mucus over the epithelial surface

Question 9

What is an organ?

Answer 9

A combination of tissues that are coordinated to perform a variety of functions

Question 10

For the stomach,

What tissue is it made up of and what’s each of their functions?

Answer 10

• muscle tissue to churn and mix the stomach contents
• epithelium to protect the stomach wall and produce secretions
• connective tissue to hold together the other tissue

Question 11

What tissue is the leaf (an organ) made up of and what is each of their functions?

Answer 11

• Palisade mesophyll made of leaf palisade cells that carry out photosynthesis
• spongy mesophyll adapted for gaseous diffusion
• epidermis to protect the leaf and allow gaseous diffusion
• phloem to transport organic materials away from the leaf
• xylem to transport water and ions into the leaf

Question 12

Why are capillaries not organs while arteries and veins are organs?

Answer 12

Because capillaries are made of just one tissue - epithelium - whereas arteries and veins are made of many tissues 2 of them being epithelial tissue and muscle tissue

Question 13

What forms an organ system?

Answer 13

Multiple organs that work together as a single unit

Question 14

What does the digestive system do and what are some organs it contains?

Answer 14

It digests and processes food

Contains salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, liver, pancreas and ileum

Question 15

What is the respiratory system for and what are some organs it contains?

Answer 15

Used for breathing and gas exchange

Made of organs including the trachea, bronchi and lungs

Question 16

What does the circulatory system do and what are some organs it contains?

Answer 16

Pumps and circulates blood

Includes the heart, arteries and veins