Genetic factors that affect development Flashcards
What is a Genetic predispositions/disorders to particular conditions.
Increased likelihood or chance of developing a particular disease due to the presence of one or more gene mutations and/or a family history that indicates an increased risk of the disease. Also called genetic susceptibility.
What is cystic fibrosis?
genetic disease that causes persistent lung infections and limits the ability to breathe over time.
What is brittle bone disease?
genetic disorder that prevents the body from building strong bones.
phenylketonuria (PKU
PKU is caused by a defect in the gene that helps create the enzyme needed to break down phenylalanine.
what is Huntington’s disease
a progressive brain disorder caused by a defective gene. This disease causes changes in the central area of the brain, which affect movement, mood and thinking skills.
what is Klinefelter syndrome
where boys and men are born with an extra X chromosome.
what is Down’s syndrome
a condition in which a child is born with an extra copy of their 21st chromosome — hence its other name, trisomy 21. This causes physical and mental developmental delays and disabilities.
what is Duchenne muscular dystrophy
a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness due to the alterations of a protein called dystrophin that helps keep muscle cells intact.
what is susceptibility to diseases such as cancer
Cancer susceptibility refers to the increased risk of developing cancer that is found in some individuals as compared to the risk for those in the general population.
what is high blood cholesterol and diabetes.
High cholesterol is linked with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. That can include coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. High cholesterol has also been tied to diabetes and high blood pressure.
how does foetal alcohol syndrome affect development?
People with FAS have central nervous system (CNS) problems, minor facial features, and growth problems. People with FAS can have problems with learning, memory, attention span, communication, vision, or hearing.
how does effects of maternal infections affect development?
ome infections result in impaired development in utero and even death of the fetus. Other infections may be insidious in the mother but result in growth impairment and hearing loss in the infant.
how does lifestyle/diet during pregnancy affect development?
Mothers who eat an unhealthy diet during pregnancy may be putting their children at risk of developing long term, irreversible health issues including obesity, raised levels of cholesterol and blood sugar
how does congenital defects affect development?
Functional or developmental birth defects cause a body part or system not to work properly. These often cause disabilities of intelligence or development.
