Genetic & Environmental Foundations

Question 1

Directly observable characteristics of a person:

Answer 1

phenotypes

Question 2

The complex blend of genetic information that determines our species and influences all our unique characteristics:

Answer 2

genotype

Question 3

Rodlike structures which store and transmit genetic information:

Answer 3

chromosomes

Question 4

How many chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 4

23 matching pairs

Question 5

Chromosomes are made up of a chemical substance called?

Answer 5

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 6

A segment of DNA along the lengths of the chromosome:

Answer 6

gene

Question 7

A unique feature of DNA is that it can duplicate itself through a process called?

Answer 7

mitosis

Question 8

Another word for sex cells? (ovum and sperm)

Answer 8

gametes

Question 9

How many chromosomes does a gamete contain?

Answer 9

23

Question 10

Gametes are formed through a cell division process called?

Answer 10

meiosis

Question 11

When sperm and ovum unite at conception, the resulting cell is called a?

Answer 11

zygote

Question 12

22 of the 23 pairs of chromosomes are matching pairs called?

Answer 12

autosomes

Question 13

The twenty-third pair of a chromosome is the ?

Answer 13

sex chromosome

Question 14

Most chromosomal abnormalities result from errors during?

Answer 14

meiosis

Question 15

What is the most common chromosomal abnormality?

Answer 15

down syndrome

Question 16

A field of study that examines the contributions of nature and nurture to diversity of nature and nurture to diversity in human traits and abilities:

Answer 16

behavioural genetics

Question 17

How can researchers compute heritability estimates?

Answer 17

kinship studies

Question 18

What is the gene-environment interaction?

Answer 18

because of their genetic makeup, individuals differ in their responsiveness to qualities of the environment.

Question 19

The tendency of heredity to restrict the development of some characteristics to just one or a few outcomes:

Answer 19

canalization

Question 20

The tendency to actively choose environments that compliment our heredity:

Answer 20

nice picking

Question 21

development resulting from ongoing, bidirectional exchanges between heredity and all levels of the environment:

Answer 21

epigenesis

Question 22

heredity supplies each individual’s :

Answer 22

genotype

Question 23

heredity & the environment combine to create:

Answer 23

phenotype

Question 24

each form of a gene:

Answer 24

allele

Question 25

when the alleles of from both parents are aline, and the child displays the inherited trait?

Answer 25

homozygous

Question 26

when the alleles differ, the relationship between the alleles determine the trait that will appear?

Answer 26

heterozygous

Question 27

When heterozygous individuals with just one recessive allele can pass that trait on to their children?

Answer 27

carriers

Question 28

A sudden change in a segment of DNA:

Answer 28

mutation

Question 29

traits in which many genes influence the characteristics in question:

Answer 29

polygenic inheritance

Question 30

A pattern of inheritance in which both alleles are expressed, resulting in a combined trait, on done that is intermediate between the two:

Answer 30

incomplete dominance

Question 31

When in many heterozygous pairings, only one allele affects the child's characteristics. It is called dominant, the second allele, which has no effect, is called recessive:

Answer 31

dominant-recessive inheritance

Question 32

when a harmful allele is carried on the X chromosome:

Answer 32

linked inheritance

Question 33

What are the three types of gene-environment correlation?

Answer 33

passive correlation, evocative and active correlation