Genetic Engineering

Question 1

Describe the process of genetic engineering

Answer 1

The required section of DNA is identified.
An enzyme is used to extract the gene.
A plasmid is removed from a bacterial cell. An enzyme cuts the plasmid open.
The gene is inserted into the plasmid.
The plasmid is inserted back into the bacterial cell.
The bacterial cell divides and multiplies, and the protein being produced is harvested.

Question 2

Name one use of genetic engineering

Answer 2

Insulin production

GM crops

Question 3

List the pros and cons of GM crops

Answer 3

Pros
•increase food production
•resistance to pests 
•golden rice- helps vitamin A deficiency 
•resistant to herbicide/pesticide
•no need for fertilisers

Cons
•could have high levels of toxins
•morally wrong to create new species
•could develop superweeds 
•lees weeds=less biodiversity

Question 4

How do bacterial cells pass on genetic information

Answer 4

They join together and exchange plasmids, then divide by mitosis creating 2 identical daughter cells.