DNA, Proteins And Enzymes Flashcards
What is the function of DNA
Contains instructions to produce proteins
What type of characteristics do proteins determine?
Continuous- •height •weight •foot size •hair length
Discrete- •eye colour •hair colour •gender •blood type
What are the building blocks of DNA
Nucleotides- made up of a phosphate, a deoxyribose sugar and a base
What is the base pair rule
Cytosine-guanine
Adenine-thymine
What shape is DNA
A double helix, two stands twisted together, held by weak bonds between base pairs
What are the basic units
Amino acids
What is a gene
A sequence of bases that code for one protein
What is mRNA
A chemical which carries a copy of the DNA sequence of a specific gene from the nucleus to the ribosomes, where the amino acids are assemb,ed into the correct order
What are proteins made of?
Composed of chains of amino acids (about 400. The sequence of amino acids determines the shape and function of the protein
Name 3 types of proteins and their functions
Enzymes-speed up reactions
Hormones-chemical messengers
Antibodies-destroy foreign antigens
What 4 factors affect enzymes?
Temperature
pH
Substrate concentration
Enzyme concentration
What are the optimum conditions for enzymes?
ph 5-9
Temperature 35-40°c
What happens when the temperature or pH is increased/ decreased too much?
The enzyme will become denatured. It’s shape will change and it will no longer fit it’s substrate. This is irreversible
What is the lock and key theory?
Enzymes are specific to one substrate
Name 5 types of enzyme, their substrates, and the products
Amylase-starch-maltose Pepsin-protein-peptides Lipase-lipids-fatty acids and glycerol Catalase-hydrogen peroxide-water and oxygen Phosphorylase-glucose1phosphate-starch
