Genetic Diversity

Question 1

What is genetic diversity

Answer 1

The number of different alleles of genes in a species or population

Question 2

What is a population

Answer 2

A group of organisms of 1 species living in a particular habitat at a certain time

Question 3

How is genetic diversity increased

Answer 3

Mutations in dna

Migration

Question 4

How does dna mutations increase genetic diversity

Answer 4

Forms new alleles

Question 5

How does migration increase genetic diversity

Answer 5

Different alleles are introduced into the population and reproduction circulates the allele
= gene flow

Question 6

What is a genetic bottleneck

Answer 6

An event that causes a big reduction in the population
Reducing the number of alleles in the gene pool
Reducing genetic diversity
Survivors reproduce from a smaller gene pool

Question 7

What is a gene pool

Answer 7

The complete range of alleles in a population

Question 8

What is the founder effect

Answer 8

A few organisms from a population start a new colony
There are only a few number of different alleles in the initial gene pool
So the allele frequency in the new population may be different to the initial population

Question 9

What are the negative impacts of the founder effect

Answer 9

Higher chance of genetic disease

Because there is a higher allele frequency of genetic diseases

Question 10

Why does the founder effect happen

Answer 10

Migration leading to a geographical separation

Question 11

Why does a new mutated allele die out

Answer 11

It isn’t beneficial for survival

Question 12

Explain natural selection

Answer 12

Organisms with an allele which leads to an increase in change survival of survival, reproduce and pass on the beneficial allele
A greater proportion of the next generation inherits the beneficial allele
So are more likely to survive and reproduce
The frequency of the beneficial allele increases

Question 13

What is evolution

Answer 13

The gradual change in a species over time

Question 14

What are behavioural adaptions

Answer 14

The ways organisms act that increase its chance of survival and reproduction

Question 15

Give an example of behavioural adaptions

Answer 15

Playing dead to stop predator attack

Question 16

What are physiological adaptions

Answer 16

Processes inside an organisms body that increase its chance of survival

Question 17

Give an example of a physiological adaption

Answer 17

Hibernation to lower metabolic rate and conserve energy

Question 18

What are anatomical adaptions

Answer 18

Structural features of an organism that increase its chance of survival

Question 19

Give an example of anatomical adaptions

Answer 19

Blubber for insulation

Question 20

What is directional selection

Answer 20

Alleles for extreme characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce

Question 21

Explain selection in relation to antibiotic resistance

Answer 21

Some organisms in a population will have the allele for antibiotic resistance
The population is exposed to antibiotics
Only the organisms with antibiotics resistance survive and Reproduce
Increasing antibiotic resistance allele frequency
= directional selection

Question 22

What is stabilising selection

Answer 22

Organisms with alleles for characteristics in the middle range are more likely to survive and reproduce

Question 23

Why is baby weight an example of stabilising selection

Answer 23

Very small babies = hard to maintain body temp
Bert big = giving birth is difficult
Medium sized babies are more likely to survive