Genetic Diversity Flashcards

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1
Q

What is genetic diversity

A

The number of different alleles of genes in a species or population

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2
Q

What is a population

A

A group of organisms of 1 species living in a particular habitat at a certain time

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3
Q

How is genetic diversity increased

A

Mutations in dna

Migration

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4
Q

How does dna mutations increase genetic diversity

A

Forms new alleles

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5
Q

How does migration increase genetic diversity

A

Different alleles are introduced into the population and reproduction circulates the allele
= gene flow

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6
Q

What is a genetic bottleneck

A

An event that causes a big reduction in the population
Reducing the number of alleles in the gene pool
Reducing genetic diversity
Survivors reproduce from a smaller gene pool

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7
Q

What is a gene pool

A

The complete range of alleles in a population

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8
Q

What is the founder effect

A

A few organisms from a population start a new colony
There are only a few number of different alleles in the initial gene pool
So the allele frequency in the new population may be different to the initial population

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9
Q

What are the negative impacts of the founder effect

A

Higher chance of genetic disease

Because there is a higher allele frequency of genetic diseases

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10
Q

Why does the founder effect happen

A

Migration leading to a geographical separation

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11
Q

Why does a new mutated allele die out

A

It isn’t beneficial for survival

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12
Q

Explain natural selection

A

Organisms with an allele which leads to an increase in change survival of survival, reproduce and pass on the beneficial allele
A greater proportion of the next generation inherits the beneficial allele
So are more likely to survive and reproduce
The frequency of the beneficial allele increases

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13
Q

What is evolution

A

The gradual change in a species over time

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14
Q

What are behavioural adaptions

A

The ways organisms act that increase its chance of survival and reproduction

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15
Q

Give an example of behavioural adaptions

A

Playing dead to stop predator attack

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16
Q

What are physiological adaptions

A

Processes inside an organisms body that increase its chance of survival

17
Q

Give an example of a physiological adaption

A

Hibernation to lower metabolic rate and conserve energy

18
Q

What are anatomical adaptions

A

Structural features of an organism that increase its chance of survival

19
Q

Give an example of anatomical adaptions

A

Blubber for insulation

20
Q

What is directional selection

A

Alleles for extreme characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce

21
Q

Explain selection in relation to antibiotic resistance

A

Some organisms in a population will have the allele for antibiotic resistance
The population is exposed to antibiotics
Only the organisms with antibiotics resistance survive and Reproduce
Increasing antibiotic resistance allele frequency
= directional selection

22
Q

What is stabilising selection

A

Organisms with alleles for characteristics in the middle range are more likely to survive and reproduce

23
Q

Why is baby weight an example of stabilising selection

A

Very small babies = hard to maintain body temp
Bert big = giving birth is difficult
Medium sized babies are more likely to survive