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Biology 3 > Classification > Flashcards

Classification Flashcards

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1
Q

What is phylogeny

A

The study of evolutionary history between groups of organisms

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2
Q

What does phylogeny tell us

A

How closely related organisms are

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3
Q

What is taxonomy

A

The Classification of organisms

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4
Q

What is each group of classification called

A

Taxons

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5
Q

What are the 3 groups of domain

A

Eukarya
Bacteria
Archaea

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6
Q

What is the order of t’axons

A 
Domain 
Kingdom 
Phylum 
Class
Order 
Family
Genus 
Species
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7
Q

How closely related are organisms in the lower t’axons

A

More closely related

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8
Q

Define species

A

Group of similar organisms able to reproduce fertile offspring

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9
Q

What is nomenclature

A

The naming system of species

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10
Q

What is the binomial system

A

All organismss are given one internationally accepted name made of 2 parts

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11
Q

Why is the binomial system good

A

Stops confusion in different languages

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12
Q

Why is courtship behaviour carried out

A

To attract a mate of the right species

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13
Q

How is courtship behaviours specific

A

Species specific

Only members of the same species will respond

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14
Q

Why are courtship behaviours species specific

A

Only members of the same species will respond
Stops interbreeding
Making reproduction more successful

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15
Q

Why can courtship behaviours be used to classify organisms

A

They are species specific

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16
Q

What Is the courtship behaviour of fire flies

A

Pulses of light

The pattern is specific to each species

17
Q

What is the courtship behaviour of crickets

A

Sound

18
Q

What is the courtship behaviour of male peacocks

A

Show colourful tails

19
Q

What is the courtship behaviour of male butterflies

A

Chemicals

20
Q

Explain genome sequencing

A

Entire base sequences of dna can be determined
The entire base sequence is compared to other organisms
Closely related organisms will have a high % similarity of dna base order

21
Q

Explain amino acid sequencing

A

Amino acids are coded for from order of dna bases

Closely related organisms = high % of similar amino acid sequences

22
Q

Exaplin how immunological could parisons are used in classification

A

Similar protein will bind to the same antibodies

Eg. Human antibodies will bind to a monkeys proteins because they are similar

23
Q

How is genetic diversity measured

A
  1. Comparing base sequences of the same gene ina different organism in a population allow scientists to find out how many alleles are in a population because different alleles have slightly different base sequences
  2. Comparing mRNA base sequences that produce different amino acid sequences. Because different alleles will produce different mRNA
24
Q

Why is new technology useful in genetic diversity

A

Give more accurate estimates

Allows comparisons to be made more easily

25
Q

Define variation

A

The different between individuals within or between species

26
Q

Why is there variation between the same species

A

Different alleles code for different characteristics

Environment - climate, food, lifestyle

27
Q

Why is there variation between species

A

Different species have different genes which code for different characteristics

28
Q

Why are samples used to measure variation in a population

A

Too time consuming to measure all organisms

Impossible to catch all organisms

29
Q

How do u make a sample unbiased

A

Needs to be random eg. Use random no generator

Use statistical tests

30
Q

Define biodiversity

A

The variety of living organisms in an area

31
Q

Define habitat

A

The place where an organism lives

32
Q

Define community

A

All the populations of different species in a habitat

33
Q

What is local biodiversity

A

Variety of species in a local area

34
Q

What is global biodiversity

A

The variety of species on Earth

35
Q

Define species richness

A

Number of different species in a community

36
Q

How does woodland clearance/hedgerow removal decrease biodiversity

A

Reduces no of trees species
Destroys habitats
Destroys shelter and food sources
Species will die or have to migrate

37
Q

How do pesticides reduce biodiversity

A

Chemicals kill organisms

Any species that fed on the organisms also die

38
Q

How does monoculture reduce biodiversity

A

Field only contains 1 type of plant

Supporting few organisms

39
Q

What are 3 examples of conservative schemes

A

Legal protection of endangered species
Protected areas = reduce development
Environmental stewardship = encourages farmers to conserve biodiversity

Biology 3 (10 decks)

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