Dna Genes And Chromosomes Flashcards
How is dna stored in eurkaryotic cells
Linear dna
Chromosomes
Found in nucleus
Wound around histone proteins
What is the function of histone proteins
Support the dna
In eurkaytoic cells, what organelles beside nuclei has its own dna
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
How is dna stored in prokaryotes
Chromosomes Circular Shorter No histone proteins So fits into cell by supercoiling
How is dna stored in mitochondria or chloroplasts
Short
Circular
No histone proteins
Define gene
a sequence of DNa bases that codes for a polypeptide of functional RNA
What is the primary structure if a protein
The sequence of bases forming a a sequence of amino acids
What is the difference between polypeptides
Different order of bases causing a different order of amino acids
How many bases make an amino acid
3(triplet)
Why is functional rna
RNA other than mRNA
Eg tRNA and ribosome rna
Define genome
Complete range of genes in the cell
Define proteome
Full range of proteins that a cell is able to Produce
What is an intron
Sections of dna that don’t code for amino acids
What are Exons
Section of dna that code for amino acids
Leave the nucleus to be transcribed
When are introns removed
Protein synthesis
Why are Introns removed
Don’t affect the order of amino acids
What are non coding repeats
Don’t code for amino acids
Regions of multiple repeats of bases outside of the genes
What is an allele
Different form of the same gene
How are alleles different
The order of bases is slightly different
What is a homologous pair
Pairs of matching chromosomes
They are the same size and carry the same
Where will a gene be found on a homologous pair
On the gene locus
A fixed position on each chromosome of the homologous pair
