genetic control of protein structure Flashcards
what is difference between somatic and germline mutations/
somatic - effects cells and tissues of the body - not inheritsable
gemline- affect cells of reprofuctuve system - can be inherited
what is transition mutation?
mutation from one purine to another. or one pyramidine to another.
what is transversion mutation?
where bases are flipped between strands
what is missence mutation?
change from 1 amino acid to another
what is nonsence mutation?
change from amino acid to stop codon. (premature termination)
what is neutral mutation?
change from one amino acid to another with similar properites
what is a silent mutation
mutation results in same amino acid but different codon
what is frameshift mutation?
addition/deletion of bases thats changes reading frame
what are 2 processes that can cause spontaneous mutations?
looping out errors, and wobble base pairing mismatch.
what is wobbling base paring mitmatch?
e.g. guanine wobble pairs with thymine (not cytosine), this is mitmatched base pair. (takes 2 genertations to show)
what are looping out errors?
where DNA POLYMERASE shifts babses (deletion) or adds bases (addition)
name 2 spontaneous chemical mutations
depurination - A/G lost from DNA backbone , if not repaired-random base inserted
demination - cytosine deaminated to uracil (removal of amino group)
what is human intergeneration mutation rate?
1.1 x 1o -8
name 2 causes of induced mutations?
radiation(ionising + UV)
chemicals (base modifiers)
emaplin how radiation can cause damage?
high energy/ionising radiation can break covalent bonds (point mutation)
