Genetic code and Transcription II

Question 1

critical role in binding stage of eukaryotic transcription

Answer 1

protein-protein interactions

Question 2

possesses both helicase activity that unwinds DNA and protein kinase activity- catalyzes the phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II

Answer 2

transcription factor TFIIH

Question 3

phosphorylation

Answer 3

changes the shape of RNA polymerase II

-can initiate RNA synthesis at the start point

Question 4

helicase activity

Answer 4

unwind the DNA, so that RNA polymerase molecule can begin to move

Question 5

TFIIH

Answer 5

ability to recognize and bind to DNA promoter

-TATA binding protein

Question 6

terminated by a protein factor 18-nt termination signal

Answer 6

RNA polymerase I

Question 7

termination signals: short run of U’s

-no proteins required for recognition

Answer 7

RNA polymerase II

Question 8

cleavage site

Answer 8

specific site before transcription is actually terminated

Question 9

site where poly A tail is added

Answer 9

cleavage site

Question 10

primary transcript

Answer 10

newly produced RNA molecule

Question 11

all chemical modifications necessary to generate a final protein product from the primary transcript

Answer 11

RNA processing

Question 12

cleavage of multiple rRNAs from a common precursor

Answer 12

ribosomal RNA processing

Question 13

real, addition and chemical modification of nucleotides

Answer 13

Transfer RNA processing

Question 14

capping, addition of Poly A tails, removal of introns

Answer 14

messenger RNA processing

Question 15

most abundant and most stable RNA in cells

Answer 15

ribosomal RNA

Question 16

how many types of rRNA do the cytoplasmic ribosomes contain?

Answer 16

4

Question 17

separate transcript inits within each cluster

Answer 17

non transcribed spacers

Question 18

DNA sequences that code for the three rRNA

Answer 18

transcribed spacers

Question 19

remove the transcribed spacers and release the mature rRNAs

Answer 19

cleavage reactions

Question 20

process of tRNA genes being transcribed into tRNA molecules (4 steps)

Answer 20

• removal of leader sequence at the 5’ end
• replacement of two nucleotides at the 3’ end by the sequence CCA
• chemical modification of certain bases
• excision of an intron

Question 21

structure of tRNA

Answer 21

flattened, cloverleaf secondary structure

Question 22

eukaryotes mRNA processing

Answer 22

transcription and translation are separated both in time and space

Question 23

where does transcription take place?

Answer 23

in nucleus

Question 24

where does translation take place?

Answer 24

in cytoplasm

Question 25

conversion of pre-mRNA molecules to functional mRNAs requires what? (2)

Answer 25

• removal of nucleotide sequences

- addition of 5’ caps and 3’ tails

Question 26

introns

Answer 26

intervening sequences that are remved

Question 27

exons

Answer 27

expressed sequences that remain

Question 28

what are introns and axons catalyzed by?

Answer 28

spliceosomes