Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

cell theory

Answer 1

• organisms made of one or more cells
• vital functions occur within cells
• contain hereditary info
• – transmits info to next gen

Question 2

two types of cells

Answer 2

eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Question 3

prokaryotes

Answer 3

• single cell
• no nucleus
• peptidoglycan cell walls
• binary fission
• energy=organic/inorganic/or photosynthesis

Question 4

archaea

Answer 4

• no peptidoglycan in the cell wall

- extreme environments

Question 5

organelles

Answer 5

membrane-bounded compartments that are specialized for specific functions

Question 6

cell wall

Answer 6

found in plants, bacteria, fungi

-contain cellulose

Question 7

cytoplasm

Answer 7

viscous fluid containing organelles

Question 8

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 8

network of interconnected membranes comprising tubules

Question 9

golgi apparatus

Answer 9

important for processing of proteins for secretion

Question 10

lysosomes

Answer 10

“suicide-sacs”

digests excess or worn-out organelles, food, or bacteria

Question 11

vacuoles

Answer 11

storage sacs

Question 12

tonoplast

Answer 12

surrounds vacuole

-regulates movements of ions around the cell

Question 13

mitochondria

Answer 13

generates ATP
-involved in: 
cell signalling
cellular differentiation
cell death
control of the cell cycle
cell growth

Question 14

chloroplasts

Answer 14

• photosynthesis
• fatty acid synthesis in plants
• involved in a plant’s immune response

Question 15

true-membrane bound nucleus

Answer 15

eukaryotic cell

Question 16

consists of two membranes

Answer 16

nuclear envelope

Question 17

nucleolus

Answer 17

site of ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosome assembly

Question 18

thylakoid

Answer 18

small disks that make up granium

Question 19

granium

Answer 19

stack of thylakoid