DNA and chromosomes

Question 1

gene

Answer 1

segment of DNA that encodes for a protein

Question 2

chromsome

Answer 2

continuous piece of DNA

Question 3

Watson and Crick

Answer 3

DNA double helix

Question 4

Chargaff’s Rule

Answer 4

A=T & G=C

A+G=T+C

Question 5

phosphodiester bonds

Answer 5

5’ joined to 3’

Question 6

DNA/RNA composition

Answer 6

1. one base
2. sugar (deoxyribose or ribose)
3. a phosphate

Question 7

nucleoside

Answer 7

base + pentose

Question 8

nucleotide

Answer 8

base + pentose +phosphate

Question 9

B-DNA

Answer 9

normal form of DNA

-right handed

Question 10

Z-DNA

Answer 10

Zigzag, left-handed

-longer and thinner than B-DNA

Question 11

A-DNA

Answer 11

right-handed

• shorter and thicker than B-DNA
• made artificially by dehydrating B-DNA

Question 12

topoisomerases

Answer 12

enzymes that regulate the over-winding or under-winding of DNA

Question 13

positive supercoiling

Answer 13

tight winding of the double helix

-reduces chances of interaction

Question 14

negative supercoiling

Answer 14

unwinding of the double helix

-increases access to proteins involved in replication or transcription

Question 15

genome

Answer 15

one complete copy of all the genetic information of an organism

Question 16

microsatellites

Answer 16

repeats of sequences less than about 2-6 bp in length

Question 17

mini satellites

Answer 17

involve repeating of longer blocks 10-60 bp

Question 18

tandem repeats

Answer 18

pattern if 2+ nucleotides repeated directly beside each other

Question 19

LINEs

Answer 19

long interspersed nuclear elements

-contain genes required for their own mobilization

Question 20

SINEs

Answer 20

short interspersed nuclear elements

-rely on enzymes from elements to move them