genesis lozano chp 8

Question 1

administrative adjudication

Answer 1

A bureaucratic agency settles disputes between two parties like a court

Question 2

administrative discretion

Answer 2

Bureaucracies can choose best way to implement congressional intentions

Question 3

federal bureaucracy

Answer 3

the thousands of federal government agencies and institutions that implement and administer federal laws and programs.

Honorary justices are recruited to those of higher federal bureaucracy and the army.

Question 4

max weber

Answer 4

German sociologist active in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries who articulated the hierarchical structure and near-mechanical functioning of bureaucracies in complex societies

max weber died on June 14, 1920.

Question 5

spoils system

Answer 5

the firing of public-office holders of a defeated political party to replace them with loyalists of the newly elected party

some would say trump has a spoils system because open spots in the political offices are given to friends of his.

Question 6

patronage

Answer 6

jobs, grants, or other special favors that are given as rewards to friends and political allies for their support.

Question 7

merit system

Answer 7

a system of employment based on qualifications, test scores, and ability , rather than party loyalty.

in 1921, around 80% of the federal civil working force was protected by the merit system.

Question 8

Pendleton act

Answer 8

reform measure that established the principle of federal employment on the basis of open, competitive exams and created the civil service commission

the Pendleton act was important because didn’t allow people spots in governmental offices just because of their political connection to the president

Question 9

civil service system

Answer 9

the merit system by which many federal bureaucrats are selected

Question 10

sixteenth amendment

Answer 10

amendment to the u.s. constitution that authorized congress to enact a national income tax

the sixteenth amendment was ratified in 1913.

Question 11

world war I

Answer 11

a global military conflict that took place from 1914-1918 across Europe and its overseas territories. the United States military intervened from 1917-1918

World War I caused the downfall of germany, turkey, austria-hungary and russia.

Question 12

Great Depression

Answer 12

The economic crisis and period of low business activity in the U.S. and other countries, roughly beginning with the stock-market crash in October, 1929, and continuing through most of the 1930s.

The great depression caused unemployment to rise to 25 percent.

Question 13

world war ii

Answer 13

a global military conflict that took place from 1939-1945 in Europe, Africa, Asia, and the pacific region. the United States was formally involved in the war from 1941-1945

World War II had a big impact on the economy and workforce of the U.S.

Question 14

G.I. (Government Issue) Bill

Answer 14

federal legislation enacted in 1944 that provided college loans for returning veterans and reduced mortgage rates to enable them to buy homes

Question 15

great society

Answer 15

reform program begun in 1964 by president Lyndon b. Johnson that was a broad attempt to combat poverty and discrimination through urban renewal education reform , and unemployment relief

The great society resembled that of the New Deal domestic agenda of FDR.

Question 16

cabinet departments

Answer 16

major administrative units with responsibility for a broad area of government operations. departmental status usually indicates a permanent national interest in. a particular government function, such as defense, commerce or agriculture

there are currently 15 cabinet departments.

Question 17

independent executive agencies

Answer 17

governmental units that closely resembles a cabinet department but have narrower areas of responsibility and performance, services rather than regulatory functions

the central intelligence agency is an independent executive agency.

Question 18

independent regulatory commission

Answer 18

an entity created by congress outside a major executive department that regulates a specified interest or economic activity

The nuclear regulatory commission is an example of an independent regulatory commission.

Question 19

government corporations

Answer 19

A government agency that operates like a business corporation, created to secure greater freedom of action and flexibility for a particular program.

Question 20

hatch act

Answer 20

Federal statute barring federal employees from active participation in certain kinds of politics and protecting them from being fired on partisan grounds.

the hatch act helps preserve the public trust in our executive branch.

Question 21

implementation

Answer 21

The process of putting a law into practice through bureaucratic rules or spending.

An example of implementation could be an organization’s goal to increase sales and regain its market position.

Question 22

iron triangles

Answer 22

policy-making between Congress, special interest groups, and governmental agencies. creates a self-sufficient (and sometimes corrupt) subgovernmental situations in which American citizens’ best interests are ignored in favor of receiving special favors and regulation changes for passing particular legislation.

iron triangles are only beneficial to a few.

Question 23

issue networks

Answer 23

an alliance of various interest groups and individuals who unite in order to promote a single issue in government policy

interest groups use issue networks to influence government decision making by providing money, information, and resources in hopes of gaining political support.

Question 24

interagency councils

Answer 24

An alliance created within the bureaucracy. Working groups created to facilitate coordination of policy making and implementation across a host of governmental agencies. Involves group interaction among other agencies.

Question 25

policy coordinating committees (PCCs)

Answer 25

committees created at the sub-cabinet level to facilitate interactions between agencies and departments to handle complex policy problems

Question 26

rule making

Answer 26

a quasi-legislative process resulting in regulations that have the characteristics of a legislative act

legislatures first set broad policy mandates then agencies create more detailed regulations in rule making.

Question 27

regulations

Answer 27

rules governing the operation of all government programs that have the force of law

Question 28

federal register

Answer 28

the official journal of the u.s. government, including all federal rules and public notices so that citizens and organization can follow proposed changes and comply with rule changes

the federal register is published daily except for federal holidays.

Question 29

department of homeland security

Answer 29

cabinet department created after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks to coordinate domestic security efforts

the department of homeland security works to protect our borders, ports, and other places.