genesis lozano chp 8 Flashcards
administrative adjudication
A bureaucratic agency settles disputes between two parties like a court
administrative discretion
Bureaucracies can choose best way to implement congressional intentions
federal bureaucracy
the thousands of federal government agencies and institutions that implement and administer federal laws and programs.
Honorary justices are recruited to those of higher federal bureaucracy and the army.
max weber
German sociologist active in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries who articulated the hierarchical structure and near-mechanical functioning of bureaucracies in complex societies
max weber died on June 14, 1920.
spoils system
the firing of public-office holders of a defeated political party to replace them with loyalists of the newly elected party
some would say trump has a spoils system because open spots in the political offices are given to friends of his.
patronage
jobs, grants, or other special favors that are given as rewards to friends and political allies for their support.
merit system
a system of employment based on qualifications, test scores, and ability , rather than party loyalty.
in 1921, around 80% of the federal civil working force was protected by the merit system.
Pendleton act
reform measure that established the principle of federal employment on the basis of open, competitive exams and created the civil service commission
the Pendleton act was important because didn’t allow people spots in governmental offices just because of their political connection to the president
civil service system
the merit system by which many federal bureaucrats are selected
sixteenth amendment
amendment to the u.s. constitution that authorized congress to enact a national income tax
the sixteenth amendment was ratified in 1913.
world war I
a global military conflict that took place from 1914-1918 across Europe and its overseas territories. the United States military intervened from 1917-1918
World War I caused the downfall of germany, turkey, austria-hungary and russia.
Great Depression
The economic crisis and period of low business activity in the U.S. and other countries, roughly beginning with the stock-market crash in October, 1929, and continuing through most of the 1930s.
The great depression caused unemployment to rise to 25 percent.
world war ii
a global military conflict that took place from 1939-1945 in Europe, Africa, Asia, and the pacific region. the United States was formally involved in the war from 1941-1945
World War II had a big impact on the economy and workforce of the U.S.
G.I. (Government Issue) Bill
federal legislation enacted in 1944 that provided college loans for returning veterans and reduced mortgage rates to enable them to buy homes
great society
reform program begun in 1964 by president Lyndon b. Johnson that was a broad attempt to combat poverty and discrimination through urban renewal education reform , and unemployment relief
The great society resembled that of the New Deal domestic agenda of FDR.
cabinet departments
major administrative units with responsibility for a broad area of government operations. departmental status usually indicates a permanent national interest in. a particular government function, such as defense, commerce or agriculture
there are currently 15 cabinet departments.
independent executive agencies
governmental units that closely resembles a cabinet department but have narrower areas of responsibility and performance, services rather than regulatory functions
the central intelligence agency is an independent executive agency.
independent regulatory commission
an entity created by congress outside a major executive department that regulates a specified interest or economic activity
The nuclear regulatory commission is an example of an independent regulatory commission.
government corporations
A government agency that operates like a business corporation, created to secure greater freedom of action and flexibility for a particular program.
hatch act
Federal statute barring federal employees from active participation in certain kinds of politics and protecting them from being fired on partisan grounds.
the hatch act helps preserve the public trust in our executive branch.
implementation
The process of putting a law into practice through bureaucratic rules or spending.
An example of implementation could be an organization’s goal to increase sales and regain its market position.
iron triangles
policy-making between Congress, special interest groups, and governmental agencies. creates a self-sufficient (and sometimes corrupt) subgovernmental situations in which American citizens’ best interests are ignored in favor of receiving special favors and regulation changes for passing particular legislation.
iron triangles are only beneficial to a few.
issue networks
an alliance of various interest groups and individuals who unite in order to promote a single issue in government policy
interest groups use issue networks to influence government decision making by providing money, information, and resources in hopes of gaining political support.
interagency councils
An alliance created within the bureaucracy. Working groups created to facilitate coordination of policy making and implementation across a host of governmental agencies. Involves group interaction among other agencies.
policy coordinating committees (PCCs)
committees created at the sub-cabinet level to facilitate interactions between agencies and departments to handle complex policy problems
rule making
a quasi-legislative process resulting in regulations that have the characteristics of a legislative act
legislatures first set broad policy mandates then agencies create more detailed regulations in rule making.
regulations
rules governing the operation of all government programs that have the force of law
federal register
the official journal of the u.s. government, including all federal rules and public notices so that citizens and organization can follow proposed changes and comply with rule changes
the federal register is published daily except for federal holidays.
department of homeland security
cabinet department created after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks to coordinate domestic security efforts
the department of homeland security works to protect our borders, ports, and other places.
