genesis lozano chp 15 Flashcards

1
Q

affordable care act (ACA)

A

a 2010 law designed to ensure that nearly all Americans would have access to health care coverage, including those living in poverty

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2
Q

public policy

A

an intentional course of action or inaction followed by government in dealing with some problem or matter of concern

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3
Q

distributive policies

A

public policies that provide benefits to individuals, groups, communities, or corporations

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4
Q

regulatory policies

A

public policies that limit activities of individuals and corporations or prohibit certain types of unacceptable behavior

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5
Q

redistributive policies

A

public policies that transfer resources from one group to assist another group

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6
Q

systemic agenda

A

a set of issues to be discussed or give attention; it consists of all public issues viewed as requiring government attention

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7
Q

governmental (institutional) agenda

A

problems to which public officials feel obliged to devote active and serious attention

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8
Q

agenda setting

A

the process of forming the list of issues to be addressed by government

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9
Q

policy formulation

A

the crafting of proposed courses of action to resolve public problems

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10
Q

policy adoption

A

the approval of a policy proposal by people with the requisite authority, such as a legislature

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11
Q

policy implementation

A

the process of carrying out public policy

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12
Q

policy evaluation

A

the process of determining whether a course of action is achieving its goals

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13
Q

fiscal policy

A

the deliberate use of national government’s taxing and spending policies to maintain economic stability

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14
Q

national debt

A

the total amount owed by the federal government to its creditors, both domestic, and international

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15
Q

laissez-faire

A

economic philosophy that endorses a very well limited role for government in the economy.

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16
Q

recession

A

a decline in the economy that occurs as investment sags, production falls off, and unemployment increases

17
Q

depression

A

a severe and long lasting decline in the economy that occurs as investment sags, production falls off, and unemployment increases

18
Q

keynesian economics

A

an economic approach first championed by economist john maynard keynes in the 1930s, who maintained that spending by government can stimulate economic growth much faster than a free mrket could on its own

19
Q

inflation

A

a rise in the general price levels of goods and services within an economy

20
Q

budget deficit

A

the economic condition that occurs when expenditures exceed revenues

21
Q

gross domestic product (GDP)

A

the total market value of all goods and services produced in a country during a year

22
Q

monetary policy

A

a form of government regulation in which the nation’s money supply and interest rates are controlled

23
Q

federal reserve system

A

the organization in the united states tasked with such responsibilities as managing the money supply, stabilizing prices, moderating interest rates, and reducing unemployment

24
Q

board of governors

A

in the federal reserve system, a seven-member board that makes most economic decisions regarding interest rates and the supply of money: it is led by the federal reserve chair

25
Q

open market operations

A

the buying and selling of government securities by the federal reserve bank

26
Q

discount rate

A

the rate of interest at which the federal reserve board tends money to member banks

27
Q

reserve requirements

A

government requirements that a portion of member banks’ deposits be retained as backing for their loans

28
Q

medicare

A

the federal program established during lyndon b. johnson’s administration that provides medical care to elderly social security recipients

29
Q

medicaid

A

a government program that subsidizes medical care for the poor

30
Q

no child left behind act (NCLB)

A

bipartisan education reform bill that employed high standards and measurable goals as a method of improving american education across states; in 2016, it was largely replaced by the every student succeeds act (ESSA)

31
Q

common core

A

a voluntarily adopted multi-state approach to setting standards that all students should achieve up through the high-school

32
Q

vouchers

A

certificates issued by the government that may be applied toward the cost of attending private or other public schools

33
Q

charter schools

A

semi-public schools that have open admission and receive some support from the government and may also receive private donations to increase the quality of education

34
Q

social security act

A

a 1935 law that established old age insurance; assistance for the needy, aged, blind, and families with dependent children; and unemployment insurance

35
Q

entitlement programs

A

government benefits that all citizens meeting eligibility criteria-such as age, income level, or unemployment-are legally “entitled” to receive

36
Q

non-means-tested programs

A

programs that provide cash assistance to qualified beneficiaries, regardless of income; among these are social security and unemployment insurance

37
Q

means-tested programs

A

programs requiring beneficiaries to have incomes below specified levels to be eligible for benefits; among these are social security insurance (SSI), temporary aid to needy families, (TANF), and the supplemental nutrition assisance program (SNAP), formerly called “food stamps”

38
Q

department of health and human services (HHS)

A

the cabinet-level department administering most federal social welfare and health-related policies and programs; it includes the national institutes for health (NIH), the centers of disease control and prevention (CDC), and the food and drug administration (FDA)