genesis lozano chp 6 Flashcards
bicameral legislature
a two-house legislature
The British parliament is a bicameral legislature.
apportionment
the process of allotting congressional seats to each state according to its proportion of the population, following the decennial census
Seats in the house of representatives are apportioned based on the population of each state
bill
a proposed law
Congress decided to pass the bill.
impeachment
the power delegated to the house of representatives in the constitution to charge the president, Vice President, or other “civil officers,” including federal judges, with “treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors.” This is the first step in the constitutional process of removing government officials from office
Trump was nearly faced with impeachment.
Edmund burke
conservative British political philosopher of the eighteenth century who articulated the view that elected representatives should act as “trustees” and use their pwn best judgement when voting
Edmund Burke died on July 9, 1797.
trustee
role played by an elected representative who listens to constituents opinions and then uses his or her best judgement to make a final decision
Trustees make sure that the valuables of someone aren’t misused.
delegate
role played by a representative who votes the way his or her constituents would want, regardless of personal opinions; may refer to an elected representative to congress or a representative to the party convention
A delegate has to be a member of the association.
politico
an elected representative who acts as a trustee or as a delegate, depending on the issue
incumbency
already holding an office
With the advantage of incumbency, it becomes more significant as polarization rises.
redistricting
the process of redrawing congressional districts to reflect increases or decreases in seats allotted to the states, as well as population shifts within a state
The legislator was forced to redistrict after not getting the solution that was wanted.
gerrymandering
the drawing of congressional districts to produce a particular electoral outcome without regard to the shape of the district
By limiting the redesign of districts, state officials hope to prevent efforts to gerrymander.
majority party
the political party in each house of congress with the most members
The majority party controls 161 seats in the national assembly.
minority party
the political party in each house of congress with the second most members
People in the minority party tend to be retirements.
party caucus (for conference)
a formal gathering of all party members
speaker of the house
the only officer of the house or representatives specifically mentioned in the constitution; the chamber’s most powerful position; traditionally a member of the majority party
The speaker of the house is an important part of congress.
majority leader
the head of the party controlling the most seats in the house of representatives or the senate; is second in authority to the speaker of the house and in the senate is regarded as its most powerful member
Since democrats currently hold the majority of seats in the house of representatives, they have two majority leaders.
minority leader
the head of the party with the second highest number of elected representatives in the house of representatives or the senate
The minority leaders are currently republicans.
whip
party leader who keeps close contact with all members of his or her party, takes vote counts on key legislation, prepares summaries of bills and acts as a communications link within a party
president pro tempore
the official chair of the senate; usually the most senior member of the majority party
The current president pro tempore is Orrin G. Hatch.
standing committee
committee to which proposed bills are referred; continues from one congress to the next
There are currently 16 operating standing committees in the U.S senate.
joint committee
standing committee that includes members from both houses of congress set up to conduct investigations or special studies
Joint committees are meant to raise and discuss issues that concern both houses.
conference committee
special joint committee created to reconcile differences in bills passed by the house and senate
Conference committees are created to resolve disputes between the two houses when it comes to bills.
select (or special) committee
temporary committee appointed for a specific purpose
Select committees operate to resolve specific issues.
Hillary Clinton
first female major party candidate for president of the United States, a democrat, who ran against president Donald j. trump in 2016. secretary of state from 2009 to 2013; New York senator from 2001 to 2009; former First Lady
Hillary Clinton won the popular vote.
house committee on rules
the influential “rules committee” determines the scheduling and conditions, such as length of debate and type of allowable amendments, for all bills in the house of representatives (but not in the senate, where debate is less regulated)
discharge petition
petition that gives a majority of the house of representatives the authority to bring an issue to the floor in the face of committee inaction
Last year republicans used a discharge petition to bring up the state of dreams and immigration in the country.
Seniority
Time of continuous service on a committee
Seniority refers to the longest serving member of congress being granted chairmanship because of it.
Markup
A session in which committee members offer changes to a bill before it goes to the floor
The bill had to go through a markup before it was brought to everyone’s attention.
Committee of the whole
A procedure that allows the House of Representatives to deliberate with a lower quorum and to expedite consideration and amendment of a bill
Hold
A procedure by which a senator asked to be informed before a particular bill or nomination is brought to the floor this request signals leader ship that a member may have objections to the bill or nomination and should be consulted before further action is taken
filibuster
A formal way of halting senate action on a bill by means of long speeches or unlimited debate
Cloture
Mechanism requiring the vote of sixty senators to cut off debate
A three-fifths majority vote of the body is required to invoke cloture.
Veto
The formal constitutional authority of the president to reject bills passed by both houses of Congress this preventing them from becoming law without further congressional action
Congress threatened to veto the bill.
Pocket veto
If Congress adjourns during the ten days the president has to consider a bill passed by both houses of Congress the bill is considered vetoed without the presidents signature
The pocket veto was used to stop the crime bill.
Richard m Nixon
The thirty seventh president a republican who served from 1969 through 1974. Nixon advocated detente during the Cold War and resigned rather than face impeachment and likely removal from office due to the watergate scandal
Richard M. Nixon died on April 22, 1994.
Congressional budget act of 1974
Act that established the congressional budgetary process by laying out a plan for congressional action on the annual budget resolution appropriations reconciliation and any other revenue bills
Reconciliation
A procedure that allows consideration issues affecting the budget by limiting debate to twenty hours thereby ending threat of a fillbuster
The reconciliation between the monarchy and the people was solved.
Pork
Legislation that allows representatives to bring money and jobs to their districts in the form of public works programs military bases or other programs
Programmatic requests st
Federal funds designated for special projects within a state or congressional district also referred to as earmarks
Divided government
The political condition in which different political parties control the presidency and at least one house of Congress
Congressional majorities can become irritated with the president’s power to veto a bill as they are stuck in a divided government.
War powers of resolution
Passed by Congress in 1973 the president is limited in the deployment of troops overseas to a sixty day period peacetime unless Congress explicitly gives its approval for a longer period
Congressional review
A process whereby congress can nullify agency regulation should within a 60 day window by passing a joint resolution of legislative disapproval the presidents approval of the resolution or a two thirds majority vote in both houses to overrule a presidential veto is also required
Senatorial courtesy
A process by which presidents generally allow senators from the state in which a judicial vacancy occurs to block a nomination by simply registering their objection
Senatorial courtesy plays an important part in the appointments of official positions.
Unified government
The political condition in which the same political party controls the presidency and congress
Iogrolling
Vote trading voting to support a colleagues bill in return for a promise of further support
Congressional research service CRS
Created in 1914 the non partisan crs provides information studies and research in support of the work of Congress and prepares summaries and tracks that the progress of all bill
Government accountability office GAO
Established in 1921 the GAO is an independent regulatory agency for the purpose of auditing the financial expenditures of the executive branch and federal agencies until 2004 the GAO was known as the general accounting office
Congressional budget office CBO
Created in 1974 the CBO provides congress with evaluations of the potential economic effects of proposed spending policies and also analyzed the presidents budget and economic projections
