genes and inheritnace Flashcards
zygote
fertilised egg cell
gametes
sex cell
genome
the DNA of an organsim
DNA
the instructions for an organism, found as a code in a molecule
genes
a section of DNA with a code to make protiens
diploid
contains 2 sets of chromosines,46,(2n)
haploid
contains 1 set of chromosones,23,(n)
fertiliasatoin
two gametes fused together
phenotype
the PHysical charlecteristics of an organism
- genes + enviroment = phenotype
what does a nucleus contain
DNA
what does DNA form when coiled up
forms a long molecule called chromosones
what is a section of a DNA called
gene
what is a gene made of
made of a molecule called DNA
what is the structure of a DNA
double helix
what does DNA stand for
Deoxyribo Nuclie Acid
polymer
repeting unit
what is DNA made up of
made up on lots of monomers called ‘ nucleotides’ bonded together
what are the three parts of a nucleotide called
circle- phosate group
rectangle- base
hexigon- ribose structure
what are the four different bases of a nucleotide and what ones match up together
AT GC
A and T alwyas match up and G and C alwyas match up
what bond form between nucleotide bases
weak hydrogen bonds
allele
another version of a gene
how many copys of each gene do humans have
2 copys - one from eahc parent
what can alleles be
can be domianant (A) or ressesive (a)
if there is a dominant allele and a resesive allele which one will be expressed in the phenotype
dominant
