biology Flashcards
sexual reproduction
when a sperm and egg cell fuse together to create a zygote
asexual reproduction
only requires one parent and is when a parent cell splits to create a clone of its origanal form
meiosis
the process of cell division that produces gametes
phenotype
physical characteristics of an organism
genotype
combination of genetics
DNA
the instructions for an organism found in code in a molecule
zygote
fertilised egg cell
genome
DNA of an organism
gametes
sex cell
genes
a section of DNA that codes to make proteins
diploid
contains 2 sets of chromosomes-46- 2n
haploid
contains 1 set of chromosomes-23- n
fertilisation
two gametes fused together
polymer
a repeating unit
e.g. DNA
3 aspects of a nucleotide
phosphate group
base
ribobase structure
what do nucleotide structures join together to create
DNA double helix structure
what bonds form between nucleotide bases
weak hydrogen bonds
what are the DNA bases and what pairs with what
AT GC
allele
another version of a gene
homozygous
two of the same alleles
heterozygous
two different alleles
dominant allele
always exprssed in the phenotype
ressesive allele
only expressed in the phenotype if theres no domminant allele
mutation
a change in the sequence of DNA
