Genes And Inheritance

Question 1

What is an allele

Answer 1

An allele is a different form/version of the same gene (e.g. Different base sequence in the DNA)

Question 2

There are two strands coiled to form the double helix DNA. One is copied to make proteins, what is the other one for?

Answer 2

Protection

Question 3

Where are chromosomes found?

Answer 3

In the nucleus of a cell

Question 4

Where are genes located

Answer 4

On chromosomes

Question 5

What is a gene

Answer 5

A section of a molecule of DNA. It codes for a specific protein,

Question 6

What is a mutation

Answer 6

A change in the sequence of bases in DNA, it causes different forms of a gene (allele)

Question 7

What does mitosis produce

Answer 7

Identical cells. Some organisms use it for asexual reproduction

Question 8

What does meiosis produce

Answer 8

Gametes which are haploid for sexual reproduction

Question 9

How many chromosomes are there in a nuclei of a body cell

Answer 9

46

Question 10

What combination of x and y do you have if you’re a girl

Answer 10

XX

Question 11

What combination of x and y do you have if you’re a boy

Answer 11

X Y

Question 12

Dominant definition

Answer 12

Only one allele needs to be like this for the characteristic to appear

Question 13

Recessive definition

Answer 13

Both alleles need to be recessive for the characteristic to appear

Question 14

Homozygous definition

Answer 14

When the two alleles in a pair are the same

Question 15

Heterozygous definition

Answer 15

When the two alleles in a pair are different

Question 16

Phenotype definition

Answer 16

The physical characteristic of an organism

Question 17

Genotype definition

Answer 17

The collection of genes inside the nucleus

Question 18

Codominance definition

Answer 18

When the phenotype is affected by both alleles working in combination

Question 19

What does mitosis help with

Answer 19

Growth, repair, cloning and asexual reproduction

Question 20

How does meiosis produce gametes?

Answer 20

It begins with a single cell (diploid) which makes a copy of each chromosome. The cell then divides into two (haploid) then each cells divides into 2 again so you have 4 haploid cells that are all genetically different.

Question 21

What is a mutation (general)

Answer 21

A rare random change in genetic material that can be inherited.

Question 22

The theory of evolution by natural selection

Answer 22

Evolution happen by natural selection. Since there is competition for resources in the natural world only those most suited to their environment can survive and pass their genes onto the next generation. Mutations in genetics can also lead to population variation giving some individuals an advantage or disadvantage.

Question 23

What are the 4 bases of a DNA nucleotide

Answer 23

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine

Question 24

Process of bacteria becoming antibiotic resistant

Answer 24

Bacteria reproduce very frequently. During reproduction mutations may occur and some mutations can cause bacteria to become resistant to antibiotics, if the full course of antibiotics are not taken resistant bacteria will survive. These resistant bacteria will multiply until the whole population is resistant to antibiotics.

Question 25

How can the likeliness of mutation be increased

Answer 25

Exposure to ionising radiation (gamma, X-ray, ultraviolet) and some chemical mutagens (chemicals in tobacco)