Enzymes Flashcards
Why does the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction increase from 0 to 40 degrees C
As the temperature increases the enzyme and substrate gain kinetic energy therefore more frequent collisions between the substrate and the enzymes active site
Why does the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction decrease above its optimum temperature?
The enzyme denatures which means the active site changes shape therefore the substrate no longer fits into the active site.
Why does the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction decrease if the pH of a solution is different from the enzymes optimum pH?
The enzyme denatures which means the active site changes shape therefore the substrate no longer fits into the active site.
What is the lock and key theory?
The substrate and active site fit together because they have a complementary shape to each other. One specific substrate will fit the active site.
Where is amylase made and what does it do?
Breaks down starch into sugars - made in the salivary gland, small intestine and pancreas
Where is lipase made and what does it do?
Breaks down lipids (fats and oils) into fatty acids and glycerol. Made in the pancreas and small intestine.
What are proteases and where are they made?
Breaks down proteins into amino acids. Made in the stomach, pancreas and small intestines.
What is digestion?
Breaking down large molecules like starch into small, soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the blood.
What does bile do and where is it made and stored.
Made in the liver, stored in the gall bladder, it emulsifies fats (breaks it into tiny droplets) so that lipase can break it down. Also neutralises stomach acid.
What is an enzyme?
A protein that acts as a biological catalyst speeding up reactions. It has a specific shape with an active site that only fits one substrate to act on.
