genes

Question 1

what is chargaffs rule

Answer 1

states the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of cytosine and the amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine

Question 2

what does diploid mean

Answer 2

having two haploid sets of chromosomes in each cell

Question 3

what are homologous pairs

Answer 3

a pair of chromosomes that have the same size, shape and genes at the same locations.

Question 4

what is a phenotype

Answer 4

the expression of a genotype

Question 5

what is a genotype

Answer 5

the combination of alleles for a particular trait/ i899999999999999999999999

Question 6

what is a gene

Answer 6

a section of coding DNA that codes for a protein. a hereditary unit

Question 7

where are genes located

Answer 7

in chromosomes

Question 8

what is an allele

Answer 8

different variation of a gene

Question 9

what is a genome

Answer 9

the sum of an organisms DNA and genetic material

Question 10

What is the DNA structure

Answer 10

double helix made of sugar phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases (A,C,T,G)

Question 11

what does DNA do

Answer 11

code for proteins and directs how cells, tissues and organisms function

Question 12

what is the base pairing rule

Answer 12

A and T. C and G

Question 13

what is a loci

Answer 13

refers to he location of a gene on a chromosome

Question 14

how many pairs of chromosomes are there in the human body

Answer 14

23

Question 15

what are autosomes

Answer 15

The 22 matched pairs of chromosomes

Question 16

what are sex chromosomes

Answer 16

determine sex of an individual. X or Y

Question 17

what is a karyotype

Answer 17

organized set of chromosomes in a cell

Question 18

how is a karyotype organized

Answer 18

largest to smallest autosomes then sex chromosomes

Question 19

what is trisomy

Answer 19

an extra chromosome

Question 20

what is monosomy

Answer 20

one less chromosome

Question 21

trisomy 21

Answer 21

down syndrome

Question 22

what is klinefelter syndrome

Answer 22

XXY

Question 23

what is turner syndrome

Answer 23

X

Question 24

homozygous

Answer 24

identical pair of alleles

Question 25

heterozygous

Answer 25

different alleles

Question 26

complete dominance

Answer 26

one allele masks the other

Question 27

incomplete dominance

Answer 27

heterozygous creates third blend

Question 28

codominance

Answer 28

both dominant alleles are expressed

Question 29

crossing over

Answer 29

homologous pairs exchange segments at chiasma to create more diversity

Question 30

non-disjunction

Answer 30

homologous pairs not splitting at centromere properly in anaphase 1 or 2

Question 31

independent assortment

Answer 31

each pair aligning at middle and separating into individual gametes to increase diversity.

Question 32

How many cells does meiosis create

Answer 32

4 cells with half the number of chromosomes as starting cell

Question 33

how many divisions occur in meiosis

Answer 33

2

Question 34

prophase 1

Answer 34

growth

Question 35

metaphase 1

Answer 35

homologous pairs align at equator of spindle. Nuclear membrane disappears

Question 36

anaphase 1

Answer 36

spindle fibers retract towards poles. pairs separate and move to opposite poles

Question 37

telophase 1

Answer 37

nuclear membrane reforms. cytokinesis will occur at the same time.

Question 38

prophase 2

Answer 38

nuclear membrane breaks down, spindle fibers reform and connect to chromosomes.

Question 39

metaphase 2

Answer 39

paired chromosomes align at equator

Question 40

anaphase 2

Answer 40

centromeres divide and chromatids pulled to opposite poles

Question 41

telophase 2

Answer 41

spindle breaks down. membrane reforms. cell splits