genes

Question 1

what is competition

Answer 1

Competition Competing with other organisms for resources

Question 2

what is adaptions

Answer 2

Adaptations Characteristic that helps an organism to be successful and survive in its environment

Adaptations are features that enable an organism to be successful and so survive.

Question 3

what is inter dependence

Answer 3

Interdependence The way in which living organisms depend on each other to

survive, grow and reproduce

Question 4

what is variation

Answer 4

Variation Differences in characteristics within a species

Question 5

what is discontinuous variation

Answer 5

Discontinuous variation
Characteristic that can only be a certain value
e.g. person’s blood group or the colour of a species of bird.

Question 6

what is continuous variation

Answer 6

Continuous variation

Characteristic that can take any value within a range of
values e.g. things like a person’s height and weight.

Question 7

what is DNA and waht does it stand for

Answer 7

DNA Chemical that contains all the information needed to make an organism

DNA = Dideoxyribonucleic acid

Question 8

what is a gene

Answer 8

Gene Section of DNA that contains the information for a

characteristic

Question 9

what is evolution

Answer 9

Evolution Development of a species over time

Question 10

what is extinction

Answer 10

Extinct When no more individuals of a species are left anywhere in the world

Question 11

what do animals compete over and what happens so they can survive

Does this apply to plants?

Answer 11

Competition and
adaptation

In a habitat there are limited supplies of resources. To survive, animals compete with each other to get
enough of these resources. This is known as competition. Animals compete for food, water, space and mates.

Plants also compete for resources in their environment. Plants compete for light, water, space and minerals.

Question 12

Give 3 examples of adapting to change and explain why adapting to change is useful

Answer 12

1 Animals cope with cold winter temperatures by hibernating, migrating and growing thicker fur.

2 Animals have to adapt to changes in their food supply. Only the best competitors will survive to reproduce.

3 When a predator feeds on just one type of
prey, there is an interdependence between the predator population and the prey population. This means that changes in the population of one animal directly affects the population of the other. Sudden changes result in increased competition for
survival.

The organisms best adapted to the change will survive and reproduce, increasing the population.

Question 13

what are continuous and discontinuous

Answer 13

Continuous and
discontinuous

Characteristics that can only result in certain values show discontinuous variation. For example, gender, blood group and eyecolour, as these only show a few possible values.

A characteristic that can take any value within a range is said to show continuous variation. For example, the height of the population ranges from the shortest person in the world to the tallestperso n. Other characteristics that show continuous variation are your body mass, hair length, and arm span.

Question 14

how can you get certain characteristics

Answer 14

Inheritance You inherit characteristics from your parents through genetic material stored in the nucleus of your cells.

This material is called DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).

Question 15

What is a species

Answer 15

Organisms that have lots of characteristics in common, and can mate to produce fertile offspring

Organisms with similar features and the same genetics belong to the same species.

Organisms of the same species are able to mate to produce fertile offspring.

Question 16

What are the two causes of variation? Please give examples, and what causes the variation.

Answer 16

Inherited variation

Some variation is from characteristics the people have inherited from their parents, such as their eye colour.

Environmental variation
Variation caused by your surroundings and what happens to you is called environmental variation. For example, your characteristics can be affected by factors such as your diet, education, and lifestyle.

Question 17

How is DNA organised?

Answer 17

Inside the nucleus, your DNA is arranged into long strands called chromosomes. Each chromosome is divided into sections of DNA. The sections that hold the information to produce a characteristic are called genes.

Question 18

How many chromosomes are in a human cell and a cat cell?

Answer 18

Humans have 46 chromosomes; cats have 38 chromosomes.

Question 19

In what proportion do you inherit chromosomes?

Answer 19

You inherit half of your chromosomes from your mother and half from your father.

Question 20

How many chromosomes in an egg cell? and a sperm cell?

Answer 20

Egg and sperm cells contain 23 chromosomes each.

Question 21

What is evolution and how long did it take?

And what happened then?

Answer 21

The species we see on Earth today have gradually developed over millions of years—this is called evolution.

Organisms evolve through natural selection. They change slowly over time, to become better adapted to their environment.

The process takes many years, sometimes millions, as it happens over a number of generations.

Question 22

When and how did evolution begin and what happened after that?

AKA tell me about the history of evolution on earth.

Answer 22

Evolution started with unicellular organisms.

These organisms, similar to bacteria, lived in water more than three billion years ago.

Over time they evolved to become multicellular organisms.

Eventually, this process resulted in organisms that could live on land and in the air.

Question 23

What is extinction and what factors can cause it?

Answer 23

If a species is not adapted to its environment, it will not survive. Organisms will die before reproducing. Eventually the species becomes extinct.

Factors that cause a species to become extinct are :

changes to the organisms environment,

destruction of habitat,

outbreak of a new disease and the

introduction of new predators and competitors.

Extinction occurs naturally.

Question 24

What happened to dinosaurs?

Answer 24

Dinosaurs could not adapt to these changes in their environment and died out.

Question 25

What happens to biodiversity when a species becomes extinct?

Answer 25

When a species becomes extinct, biodiversity

decreases.