digestion and stimulants

Question 1

Nutrient

Answer 1

Essential substances for body’s survival (from food)

Question 2

Carbohydrate

Answer 2

Nutrient that provides energy

Question 3

Lipids

Answer 3

Provides a store of energy and insulates the body

Question 4

Protein

Answer 4

Nutrient used for growth and repair

Question 5

Vitamin

Answer 5

Needed in small amounts to keep you healthy

Question 6

Mineral

Answer 6

Needed in small amounts to keep you healthy

Question 7

Fibre

Answer 7

Helps food move through digestive system

Question 8

Balanced diet

Answer 8

Eating right nutrients in correct amounts

Question 9

Malnourishment

Answer 9

Eating the wrong amount or the wrong types of food

Question 10

Deficiency

Answer 10

A lack of minerals, that causes poor growth

Question 11

Digestive system

Answer 11

Group of organs that work together to break down food

Question 12

Enzyme

Answer 12

Special protein that breaks down large molecules into smaller molecules

Question 13

Catalyst

Answer 13

Speeds up a chemical reaction without being used

Question 14

Drug

Answer 14

Chemical substance affects how your body works

Question 15

Depressant

Answer 15

A drug that slows down the body’s reactions

Question 16

Stimulant

Answer 16

A drug that speeds up the body’s reaction

Question 17

how many nutrients are there

Answer 17

The types of nutrients are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water and fibre. To be healthy you must eat a balanced diet, meaning eating food containing the right nutrients in the correct amounts. The nutrients can be summarised in the vocabulary table.

Question 18

Food tests

Answer 18

A different chemical test exists to identify each type of nutrient. Iodine solution is used to test for starch (orange-yellow to dark blue-black in presence of starch). Filter paper is used to test for lipids (lipids makes filter paper translucent). Benedict’s solution is used to test for simple sugars such as glucose (blue liquid turns orange-red in presence of sugar).

Question 19

what are the two major Unhealthy diets

Answer 19

. Extreme cases of not eating enough food is starvation. Underweight people suffer from health problems. Obese people have an increased risk of many health problems. Not having enough of a certain vitamin/mineral is a deficiency, which can damage a person’s health.

Question 20

Digestive system

Answer 20

Digestion breaks down the large molecules of food to be passed into the blood through the walls of the small intestine..

Question 21

Bacteria and enzymes in digestion

Answer 21

Your large intestine contains bacteria, making important vitamins such as vitamin K. Probiotic foods, e.g. yoghurt contain these useful bacteria. Your teeth begin digestion in the mouth. Digestive juices in your gut containing enzymes cut the bonds of large molecules into smaller molecules. There are three main types of enzymes involved in digestion—carbohydrase (breaks down carbohydrates), protease (breaks down proteins) and lipase (breaks down lipids).

Question 22

what do drugs do

Answer 22

Drugs alter the chemical reactions that take place in your body.

Question 23

Alcohol

Answer 23

Alcohol contains the drug ethanol. Ethanol is absorbed by the bloodstream, travelling to your brain, slowing down your body’s reactions. Government recommends an adult woman drinking a maximum of two units per day and an adult man to drink three units per day. Excessive drinking can cause stomach ulcers, heart disease, and brain and liver damage.

Question 24

Smoking

Answer 24

Smoking increases your chances of developing conditions such as breathing problems, cancer, heart attacks, and strokes. Smoking in pregnancy greatly increases the risk of miscarriage and low-birth-weight babies, affecting the fetus’s development. Cigarettes contain tobacco which contains harmful substances such as tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide.

Question 25

what is energy in food mesured in

Answer 25

Energy in food is measured in joules (J) or kilojoules (kJ). 1 kilojoule = 1000 joules

Question 26

is fibre digested

Answer 26

Fibre in your food isn’t digested but adds bulk to your food to help digestion.

Question 27

what are the intestines lined with

Answer 27

The walls of the small intestine are thin and covered in villi to increase surface area for a greater rate of absorption.

Question 28

what are the two types of drugs

Answer 28

There are two types of drugs—medicinal and recreational. Medicinal drugs are used in medicine to benefit your health in some way. Recreational drugs are taken for enjoyment, relaxation or to help them stay awake.

Question 29

how do drug adictions happen

Answer 29

Drug addiction occurs when your body becomes dependent on the drug.