digestion and stimulants Flashcards
Nutrient
Essential substances for body’s survival (from food)
Carbohydrate
Nutrient that provides energy
Lipids
Provides a store of energy and insulates the body
Protein
Nutrient used for growth and repair
Vitamin
Needed in small amounts to keep you healthy
Mineral
Needed in small amounts to keep you healthy
Fibre
Helps food move through digestive system
Balanced diet
Eating right nutrients in correct amounts
Malnourishment
Eating the wrong amount or the wrong types of food
Deficiency
A lack of minerals, that causes poor growth
Digestive system
Group of organs that work together to break down food
Enzyme
Special protein that breaks down large molecules into smaller molecules
Catalyst
Speeds up a chemical reaction without being used
Drug
Chemical substance affects how your body works
Depressant
A drug that slows down the body’s reactions
Stimulant
A drug that speeds up the body’s reaction
how many nutrients are there
The types of nutrients are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water and fibre. To be healthy you must eat a balanced diet, meaning eating food containing the right nutrients in the correct amounts. The nutrients can be summarised in the vocabulary table.
Food tests
A different chemical test exists to identify each type of nutrient. Iodine solution is used to test for starch (orange-yellow to dark blue-black in presence of starch). Filter paper is used to test for lipids (lipids makes filter paper translucent). Benedict’s solution is used to test for simple sugars such as glucose (blue liquid turns orange-red in presence of sugar).
what are the two major Unhealthy diets
. Extreme cases of not eating enough food is starvation. Underweight people suffer from health problems. Obese people have an increased risk of many health problems. Not having enough of a certain vitamin/mineral is a deficiency, which can damage a person’s health.
Digestive system
Digestion breaks down the large molecules of food to be passed into the blood through the walls of the small intestine..
Bacteria and enzymes in digestion
Your large intestine contains bacteria, making important vitamins such as vitamin K. Probiotic foods, e.g. yoghurt contain these useful bacteria. Your teeth begin digestion in the mouth. Digestive juices in your gut containing enzymes cut the bonds of large molecules into smaller molecules. There are three main types of enzymes involved in digestion—carbohydrase (breaks down carbohydrates), protease (breaks down proteins) and lipase (breaks down lipids).
what do drugs do
Drugs alter the chemical reactions that take place in your body.
Alcohol
Alcohol contains the drug ethanol. Ethanol is absorbed by the bloodstream, travelling to your brain, slowing down your body’s reactions. Government recommends an adult woman drinking a maximum of two units per day and an adult man to drink three units per day. Excessive drinking can cause stomach ulcers, heart disease, and brain and liver damage.
Smoking
Smoking increases your chances of developing conditions such as breathing problems, cancer, heart attacks, and strokes. Smoking in pregnancy greatly increases the risk of miscarriage and low-birth-weight babies, affecting the fetus’s development. Cigarettes contain tobacco which contains harmful substances such as tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide.
what is energy in food mesured in
Energy in food is measured in joules (J) or kilojoules (kJ). 1 kilojoule = 1000 joules
is fibre digested
Fibre in your food isn’t digested but adds bulk to your food to help digestion.
what are the intestines lined with
The walls of the small intestine are thin and covered in villi to increase surface area for a greater rate of absorption.
what are the two types of drugs
There are two types of drugs—medicinal and recreational. Medicinal drugs are used in medicine to benefit your health in some way. Recreational drugs are taken for enjoyment, relaxation or to help them stay awake.
how do drug adictions happen
Drug addiction occurs when your body becomes dependent on the drug.
