General surgery: Pulmonology Flashcards
Patient will present as → a 65-year-old woman with a 40 pack-year history of smoking presents with a 7kg weight loss over the last 3 months and recent onset of streaks of blood in the sputum. PE reveals a thin, afebrile woman with clubbing of the fingers, an increased anteroposterior diameter, scattered and coarse rhonchi and wheezes over both lung fields, and distant heart sounds.
lung carcinoma
this type of cancer is highly aggressive and almost always occurs in smokers. It is rapidly growing, and roughly 80% of patients have metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Is more likely to spread early and rarely is amenable to surgery.
small cell lung cancer
this acounts for about 85% of cases, four subtypes include adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma and carcinoid tumor
Non-small cell lung cancer
Patient presents → as a non-smoker, with an incidental finding, with a small peripheral lesion in the lungs
adenocarcinoma (35-40% of NSCLC)
Patient presents → as a smoker with hemoptysis and an abnormal chest X-Ray showing a large central solitary tumor.
Squamous cell carcinoma (25-35% of NSCLC)
This type of cancer is associated with lambert-eaton myasthenic syndrome
small cell lung cancer
Patient presents as → a 58-year-old female who returns to the hospital with chest pain and difficulty breathing several weeks after being discharged following a myocardial infarction requiring immediate cardiac catheterization. She has been coughing up frothy sputum for the past three days. The patient complains of a sharp pain that worsens during inspiration. Physical exam reveals decreased tactile fremitus, dullness to percussion, and diminished breath sounds on the left side. This is seen on CXR.
pleural effusion
isolated left sided pleural effusion is likely what type of PE?
exudative
right-sided pleural effusion is likely what type of PE?
transudative
