General Surgery: Hematology

Question 1

The most common type of hemophilia and is an X-linked recessive trait. Males are most commonly affected. Bleeding in the joint cavity (hemarthrosis) is the most common clinical manifestation. Laboratory studies show a prolonged partial thromboplastin time.

Answer 1

Factor VIII deficiency or hemophilia A

Question 2

an X-linked recessive trait that is most common in males. Bleeding is the most common clinical manifestation. Laboratory tests show a prolonged partial thromboplastin time. If the patient’s blood is mixed with normal plasma and the partial thromboplastin time corrects to a normal value, this is considered diagnostic.

Answer 2

Hemophilia B, also known as factor IX deficiency,

Question 3

is the most common cause of anemia in the world. Clinical signs and symptoms may include pallor, fatigue, shortness of breath, cravings and intake of non-food items, tachycardia, or congestive heart failure. Laboratory studies show decreased ferritin levels, elevated total iron-binding capacity, and decreased serum iron levels.

Answer 3

Iron deficiency anemia

Question 4

This is defined as a platelet count lower than 150,000/mm³ in adults. Clinical manifestations typically include a history of bleeding, petechiae, purpura, and ecchymoses. An enlarged liver or spleen may also be present. Medical management includes identifying the underlying cause, and treatment depends on the severity of the disease.

Answer 4

Thrombocytopenia

Question 5

The most common hereditary bleeding disorder with platelet adhesion dysfunction. Easy bruising and signs of bleeding such as epistaxis, menorrhagia, and bleeding of the gums are common clinical manifestations. Laboratory findings may show a prolonged partial thromboplastin time. The absence of platelet aggregation with ristocetin during the ristocetin cofactor activity test is another diagnostic test. Treatment is dependent on the severity of the disease.

Answer 5

Von Willebrand disease