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General Surgery EOR > General surgery: Endocrinology > Flashcards

General surgery: Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

Short PR interval and delta wave on EKG?

A

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

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2
Q

HTN, diaphoresis(episodic), and palpitations?

A

Pheochromocytoma

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3
Q

Irritability, diaphoresis, weakness, tremulousness, palpitations

A

insulinoma

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4
Q

muscle cramps, constipation, flattened/inverted T waves, U waves

A

Hypokalemia

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5
Q

Muscle weakness, hyperreflexia, prolonged QT, PR and Wide QRD, Tach, tornadoes de pointes?

A

Hypomagnesemia

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6
Q

mild shortness of breath, palpitations and systolic murmur with mid-systolic ejection click?

A

MVP

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7
Q

How can you dx palpitations?

A

history, ECG, echo, exercise testing -> identify and treat abnormal ECG

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8
Q

This disease can have weight loss, increased appetite, heat intolerance, fatigue.
Eye sign: stare, lid lag, exophthalmos

A

Hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis)

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9
Q

What surgery is generally indicated for Graves ophthalmopathy?

A

Complete total thyroidectomy

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10
Q

Elevated TSH and decreased free T4

A

Hypothyroidism

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11
Q

Low or absent TSH and elevated T3 T4

A

Hyperthyroidism

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12
Q

Patient will present as → a 62-year-old female complaining of joint pain, polyuria, polydipsia, and generalized fatigue. The patient reports a history of recurrent kidney stones and depression. Radiographs show osteopenia and subperiosteal resorption on the phalanges (Bones, stones, abdominal groans and psychic moans)

A

Hyperparathyroidism

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13
Q

What rises in hyperparathyroidism?

A

Calcium levels in blood

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14
Q

Whats the cause of primary hyperparathyroidism

A

Increased PTH usually by the PTH secreting parathyroid adenoma

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15
Q

Whats the cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism?

A

Increased PTH by physiologic response to hypocalcemia or vitamin D deficiency. Chronic kidney disease is the most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism.

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16
Q

What is the preferred tx of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy?

A

PTU

17
Q

Most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

A

Graves disease

18
Q

what is the tx for hyperthyroidism?

A

methimazole or PTU (first trimester pregnancy)

19
Q

What antibodies are made with Graves dz?

A

Anti-thyrotropin antibodies

20
Q

What medication can be given to treat the cardiac sx of Graves’ dz?

A

B-Blockers. (most often atenolol)

21
Q

What is a dangerous complication of a thyroidectomy?

A

injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve

22
Q

What is a cold nodule in a Thyroid uptake scan?

A

A cancerous lesion because it does not make hormone and will not take up iodine

23
Q

What is a hot nodule in a Thyroid uptake scan?

A

A non cancerous lesion because it does make hormone and will take up iodine.

24
Q

How do you treat a thyroid nodule?

A

tx based on US guided fine needle aspiration.

If malignant or suspicious: thyroidectomy

If benign: f/u 6 months

25
Q

What is pheochromocytoma?

A

Its a catecholamine secreting adrenal tumor which secretes norepinephrine and epinephrine

26
Q

What dz is associated with Neurofibromatosis type 1, MEN 2A/2B and Von Hippel-Lindau disease?

A

Pheochromocytoma

27
Q

What are the sx of pheochromocytoma?

A

Sx are episodic: 5 P’s

Pressure (↑ BP)
Pain (headache)
Perspiration
Palpitations (tachycardia)
Pallor

28
Q

How do you dx pheochromocytoma?

A

24 hour catecholamines

MRI ot CT to visualize catecholamine secreting tumor

29
Q

Preoperative therapy for pheochromocytoma?

A

nonselective a-blockade: phenoxybenzamine or phentolamine x 7-14 days followed by beta blockers to control HTN.

30
Q

What is the most common risk factor for thyroid carcinoma?

A

radiation exposure

31
Q

What is the most common type of thyroid cancer?

A

Papillary carcinoma (papillary is popular)

General Surgery EOR (10 decks)

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