general surgery

Question 1

what are some of the major sets in general lapartomy?

Answer 1

-retractors
-forceps
-clamps
longndeeps instruments

Question 2

what are the retractors used for?

Answer 2

Used to hold incisions open or tissue back when trying to reach other organs or tissues

Question 3

what are the forceps used for?

Answer 3

used to grasp and retract structures, maneuver suture needles and in assisted child birth

Question 4

What are clamps used for?

Answer 4

are occluding instruments that used to temporarily stop bleeding.

Question 5

what is the minor set in most abdominal procedures?

Answer 5

-Backhaus towel clamp
-Frazier Ferguson suction tip
-Adson tissue forceps with teeth

Question 6

what does the backhaus towel clamp look like?

Answer 6

scissor-like ring handles and curved pointed jaws

Question 7

frazier ferguson suction tip

Answer 7

it has a curved suction tip

Question 8

what does a adson tissue forcep with teeth look like?

Answer 8

a spring-loeaded stainless steel design with a serrated grip and toothed tips for a secure hold

Question 9

in the CBD or billary general surgery what instruments will the surguon use?

Answer 9

-Stone scoops
-ductal forceps
-potts-smith scissors
-ductal dilators

Question 10

vertical incison - median

Answer 10

-made in the abdomens midline
-provides access to all tissues and organs in the abdominal cavity

Question 11

what incision do surgeons prefer for laparoscopic procedures

Answer 11

median -vertical incision

Question 12

vertical incision- paramedian

Answer 12

-made besides the abdomens midline
-provides access to the liver, spleen, and stomach

Question 13

oblique incision

Answer 13

• made at specfic locations to access organs situated laterally to the abdominal cavity

Question 14

why would the oblique mcburney incision be used on a patient

Answer 14

to remove the appendix

Question 15

oblique incision- kocher subcostal

Answer 15

-made at the subcostal level
-used on spleen and billary tract procedures

Question 16

transverse incision

Answer 16

-made to access to the pancreas
lower incisions are used in pelvic viscera procedures
-less painful and offer better cosmetic results

Question 17

Thoracoabdominal

Answer 17

-used in esophagogastric or emergency heptic resection procedures

Question 18

what spaces can you access with the thoracoabdominal?

Answer 18

-extensive access to the peritoneal and pleural spaces

Question 19

what is laparotomy?

Answer 19

refers to a surgical opening of the peritoneal cavity

Question 20

preparation to laparotomy

Answer 20

-paitent is in supine position
-administer general anesthesia -prepare skin
-postion drapes and towels

Question 21

hiatal hernia

Answer 21

symptoms- acid reflex, ulceration, mucosal erosion, stricture, scarring, non radiating pains and burns.

Question 22

hiatal hernia treatment

Answer 22

-acid reflux medicines and modifying the patients diet.
-surgical procedures include correcting anatomical issues, and reconstruct the valve in the lower part of esophagus

Question 23

motility disorders

Answer 23

symptoms- regurgitation of undigested food and dysphaiga

Question 24

motility disorder treatment

Answer 24

surgical procedures would be a endoscopic dilation can relieve symptoms

Question 25

achalasia

Answer 25

symptoms- aspiration pneumonia and weight loss

Question 26

achalasia treatment

Answer 26

therapeutic endoscopy and muscle transection

Question 27

diverticula

Answer 27

symptoms- choking, reguritation of swallowed material, benign tumors called neoplasms and foul breath.

Question 28

diverticula treatment

Answer 28

diverticula excision and defect correction

Question 29

neoplasm

Answer 29

symptoms- with pain, weight loss, and dysphagia in later stages

Question 30

neoplasm treatment

Answer 30

include esophageal extirpation, radiotherapy, etc cannot use surgical

Question 31

gastric ulcer disease

Answer 31

symptoms- epigastric pain, weight loss, and pain casued by ingesting food.

Question 32

gastritis

Answer 32

symptoms- nausea, bleeding, vomiting, mucosal disruption, and diffuse erythema

Question 33

gastric ulcer disease treatment

Answer 33

prescribed diet, antacids and strict medication. vagtomy and ulcer excision

Question 34

treatment gastritis

Answer 34

no surical treatment medication

Question 35

gastric polyp

Answer 35

asymptomatic made throu endoscopy

Question 36

bezoar

Answer 36

indigestible fiver masses that cause pain and indigestion

Question 37

carcinoma

Answer 37

aymptomatic in the early stages then pain kicks in later in life

Question 38

carcinoma

Answer 38

not thru medication but only surgical intervention

Question 39

gastrostomy

Answer 39

creating an opening that runs between the skin to the gastric mucosa called a fistula tract

Question 40

what knives do they use for the gastrostomy?

Answer 40

10 and 15

Question 41

gastrectomy

Answer 41

two types (total and sub total ) involves the removal of the organ.

Question 42

meckels diverticulum

Answer 42

includes peptic ulceration, malaborption, fistula, and neoplastic formation

Question 42

benign neoplasms

Answer 42

include pain, bleeding, volvulus, and obstruction

Question 43

crohns disease

Answer 43

edema, weight loss, muscle weakness vitamin deficenices and chronic illness

Question 44

what are the 4 methods for perfoming anastomosis

Answer 44

end-end end to side side to side roux en y

Question 45

what are the 4 tpes of hernias

Answer 45

groin ventral incisional disphragramtic

Question 45

what are the 4 ways to repair a hernia

Answer 45

-bassini or bassini-shouldice repair -McVay Cooper Ligament -Endoscopic total extrapertioneal patch TEP -umbilical herniorraphy

Question 46

what incision and knife do they use for a McVay inguinal herniorrhapy

Answer 46

transverse or oblique 10

Question 47

how many stages does breast cancer have?

Answer 47

5 stages

Question 48

what type of incision doe surgeons make when conducting a mastectomy

Answer 48

make a elliptical transverse with a 10 knife

Question 49

whats the difference between hyper and hypo parathyroidism

Answer 49

hyper make excessive hypo doesn make enough parathyrin hormone with increase or decrese the amount of calcium in the body