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muscular sysytem > general senses > Flashcards

general senses Flashcards

1
Q

Senses:

A

Maintain homeostasis, by providing information about the outside world and the internal environment

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2
Q

Two types of senses

A

general and specialized

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3
Q

general senses

A

Receptors that are widely distributed throughout the body
Skin, various organs, and joints

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4
Q

specialized senses

A

Specialized receptors confined to structures in the head
Eyes, ears, nose, and mouth

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5
Q

sensor receptors

A

Collect information from the environment, and relay it to the CNS on sensory neurons
Link nervous system to internal and external changes or events
Can be specialized cells or multicellular structures

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6
Q

5 types of receptors

A

chemoreceptors,Pain receptors (nociceptors), thermoreceptors, Mechanoreceptors: Photoreceptors:

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7
Q

chemoreceptors

A

Respond to changes in chemical concentrations
Smell, taste, oxygen concentration

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8
Q

pain receptors (nociceptors

A

Respond to tissue damage
Mechanical, electrical, thermal energy

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9
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

Respond to moderate changes in temperature

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10
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

Respond to mechanical forces that distort receptor
Touch, tension, blood pressure, stretch

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11
Q

photoreceptors

A

Respond to light
Eyes

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12
Q

sensation

A

Occurs when action potentials make the brain aware of a sensory event
Example: Awareness of pain

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13
Q

perception

A

Occurs when brain interprets sensory impulses
Example: Realizing that pain is a result of stepping on a tack

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14
Q

projection

A

Process in which cerebral cortex interprets sensation as being derived from certain receptors
Brain projects the sensation back to the apparent source
It allows a person to locate the region of stimulation

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15
Q

sensory adaptation

A

Ability to ignore unimportant (or continuous) stimuli
Best accomplished by thermoreceptors and olfactory receptors

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16
Q

general senses

A

Senses with small, widespread sensory receptors, associated with skin, muscles, joints, and viscera
General Senses are divided into 3 groups

17
Q

general senses are divides into 3 groups

A

Exteroceptive, Interoceptive (visceroceptive), Proprioceptive senses

18
Q

exteroceptive

A

Senses associated with body surface
Examples: Touch, pressure, temperature, and pain

19
Q

interoceptive

A

Senses associated with changes in the viscera
Examples: Blood pressure stretching blood vessels

20
Q

proprioceptive

A

Senses associated with changes in muscles, tendons, and joints, body position
Examples: Stimulated when changing position or exercising

21
Q

3 types of mechanoreceptors respond to touch and pressure

A

free nerve endings, Tactile (Meissner’s) corpuscles, Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles

22
Q

free nerve endings

A

Common in epithelial tissues
Simplest receptors
Sense itching and other sensations

23
Q

Tactile (Meissner’s) corpuscles

A

Abundant in hairless portions of skin and lips
Detect fine touch and texture
Distinguish between 2 points

24
Q

Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles

A

Nerve endings encased in large ellipsoidal structures
Common in deeper subcutaneous tissues, tendons, and ligaments
Detect heavy pressure and vibrations

25
Q

thermoreceptors have

A

free nerve endings in the skin

26
Q

2 types of thermoreceptors

A

warm and cold receptors

27
Q

warm receptors

A

Sensitive to temperatures above 25°C (77°F)
Unresponsive to temperature above 45°C (113°F)

28
Q

cold receptors

A

Sensitive to temperatures between 10° (50°F) and 20°C (68°F)

29
Q

pain receptors

A

Respond to temperatures below 10°C; produce freezing sensation
Respond to temperatures above 45°C; produce burning sensation

30
Q

pain receptors (nocireceptors)

A

consist of free nerve endings

31
Q

Pain receptors/nociceptors:

A

Widely distributed
Nervous tissue of brain lacks pain receptors
Stimulated by tissue damage, chemicals, mechanical forces, or extremes in temperature, oxygen deficiency
Adapt very little, if at all

32
Q

the only receptors in viscera whose stimulation produces sensations

A

pain receptors

muscular sysytem (5 decks)

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